SAI-R: Reducing Natural Hazards Risks by Incorporating Community Impacts and Equity

SAI-R：通过纳入社区影响和公平来减少自然灾害风险

• 批准号: 2228559
• 负责人: David Johnson
• 金额: $ 74.24万
• 依托单位: Purdue University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-15 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2228559&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SAI; Reducing; Natural; Hazards; Risks

Strengthening American Infrastructure (SAI) is an NSF Program seeking to stimulate human-centered fundamental and potentially transformative research that strengthens America’s infrastructure. Effective infrastructure provides a strong foundation for socioeconomic vitality and broad quality of life improvement. Strong, reliable, and effective infrastructure spurs private-sector innovation, grows the economy, creates jobs, makes public-sector service provision more efficient, strengthens communities, promotes equal opportunity, protects the natural environment, enhances national security, and fuels American leadership. To achieve these goals requires expertise from across the science and engineering disciplines. SAI focuses on how knowledge of human reasoning and decision-making, governance, and social and cultural processes enables the building and maintenance of effective infrastructure that improves lives and society and builds on advances in technology and engineering.Concrete buildings designed prior to the implementation of modern building codes in the mid-1970s may be highly vulnerable to collapse. Many thousands of these structures in seismically active areas like California are still in service. This includes residential buildings, schools, and critical facilities like hospitals. Although these vulnerabilities are known, local ordinances mandating retrofits have been largely unsuccessful in achieving risk reductions. Building codes governing seismic retrofits focus almost exclusively on structural vulnerability and preventing loss of life during an earthquake. They tend to ignore the value that people place on the functionality of buildings and the ability to reoccupy them as quickly as possible after an extreme event. This SAI research project identifies different stakeholders’ willingness to pay for seismic retrofits on various types of buildings. It also investigates the priorities and incentives that are necessary to successfully motivate action. The long-term aim of this research is to identify effective policy-making strategies to motivate communities to mitigate seismic risks before a future earthquake disaster strikes.This project uses several approaches to better capture the feedback between human interaction with the built environment and infrastructure vulnerability. One approach uses a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods to elicit measures of building functionality and usage that can be used to predict how community members prioritize different retrofit options based on their cost, the buildings affected, and resulting performance in the event of a major earthquake. Another approach uses physical experiments and simulation of earthquakes on archetypal building features to better characterize the vulnerability of this type of concrete building and the effectiveness of different retrofit options. The data generated by these social and physical experiments are combined to produce a decision support system that policy makers can use to design retrofit and funding strategies that are closely aligned with the revealed preferences of the community. Incorporating stakeholder preferences into risk mitigation efforts will improve and strengthen resilience to future earthquake disasters.This award is supported by the Directorate for Social, Behavioral, and Economic (SBE) Sciences and the Directorate for Engineering.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

加强美国基础设施(SAI)是一项NSF计划，旨在刺激以人类为中心的基础性研究和潜在的变革性研究，以加强美国的基础设施。有效的基础设施为社会经济活力和广泛的生活质量改善提供了坚实的基础。强大、可靠和有效的基础设施刺激私营部门创新，增长经济，创造就业机会，提高公共部门服务提供效率，加强社区力量，促进机会均等，保护自然环境，增强国家安全，推动美国的领导地位。要实现这些目标，需要来自科学和工程学科的专业知识。SAI侧重于人类推理和决策、治理以及社会和文化过程的知识如何能够建设和维护有效的基础设施，改善生活和社会，并建立在技术和工程进步的基础上。在20世纪70年代中期实施现代建筑规范之前设计的混凝土建筑可能非常容易倒塌。在加州等地震活跃地区，数千座这样的建筑仍在使用中。这包括住宅楼、学校和医院等关键设施。尽管这些漏洞是已知的，但强制进行翻新的地方法规在实现降低风险方面基本上没有成功。管理抗震改造的建筑法规几乎完全侧重于结构脆弱性和防止地震期间的生命损失。他们往往忽视了人们对建筑功能的重视，以及在极端事件发生后尽快重新使用建筑的能力。这项SAI研究项目确定了不同利益相关者为各种类型建筑的抗震改造买单的意愿。它还调查了成功推动行动所必需的优先事项和激励措施。这项研究的长期目标是确定有效的决策策略，以激励社区在未来地震灾害来袭之前减轻地震风险。该项目使用几种方法来更好地捕捉人类与建成环境的互动与基础设施脆弱性之间的反馈。一种方法使用定性和定量方法相结合的方法来得出建筑功能和使用的测量，这些测量可以用来预测社区成员如何根据其成本、受影响的建筑以及在发生大地震时的性能来确定不同的翻新方案的优先顺序。另一种方法使用物理实验和对原型建筑特征的地震模拟，以更好地描述这类混凝土建筑的脆弱性以及不同翻新方案的有效性。这些社会实验和物理实验产生的数据被结合在一起，以产生一个决策支持系统，政策制定者可以使用该系统来设计与社区揭示的偏好密切一致的翻新和筹资战略。将利益相关者的偏好纳入风险缓解工作将改善和加强对未来地震灾害的韧性。该奖项由社会、行为和经济(SBE)科学局和工程局支持。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。