Maximising ecosystem services in urban environments (MEaSURE)

最大化城市环境中的生态系统服务（MEaSURE）

• 批准号: NE/W003120/1
• 负责人: David Johnson
• 金额: $ 171.46万
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FW003120%2F1
• 关键词: Maximising; ecosystem; services; urban; environments

Urban environments are home to the majority of people on the planet and so ensuring these systems provide healthy, productive and resilient environments is critical. Green infrastructure - which we define as a network of multi-functional green space and other green features - is a key component of urban systems and the main reservoirs of much urban biodiversity. But how do we manage green infrastructure to maximise the benefits these features bring to humans and wider ecosystem functioning? Here we focus on gaining a better predictive understanding of diversity associated with green infrastructure can be optimised to enhance ecosystem services.Biodiversity is widely recognised to be a key driver of multiple ecosystem functions (i.e. ecosystem multifunctionality), underpinning the provision of numerous ecosystem services for humanity, as well as undesirable disservices. Manipulation of biodiversity therefore has considerable potential to significantly improve how we construct and manage engineered and urban ecosystems. A major gap in knowledge hampering our ability to harness the benefits of biodiversity in urban areas is understanding how attributes particular to green infrastructure in urban environments affect biodiversity-ecosystem multifunctionality relationships. This knowledge is important for the design and management of urban green infrastructure to maximise ecosystem service provision in wider urban landscapes. Moreover, the mechanisms by which landscape form and biodiversity influence ecosystem services and mitigate against disservices operate at different scales, and we lack understanding of how these mechanisms operate and scale in urban landscapes. A further gap in knowledge is how the diversity of urban forms interact with the diversity of neighbouring peri-urban and rural forms to affect ecosystem services and disservices in urban landscapes. Here we address these gaps in knowledge to understand how biodiversity can be used to enhance ecosystem multifunctionality in urban landscapes at contrasting scales. We focus on ecosystem services of carbon capture, cycling and storage, urban cooling, and water holding capacity, and disservices of greenhouse gas emissions, pathogen prevalence, and tick-borne pathogens; these services and disservices are intrinsically linked to green infrastructure and there is an established mechanistic basis for a link to biodiversity. We will integrate knowledge of biodiversity-ecosystem multifunctionality relationships into a modelling framework that will be used to create a web-based planning tool to determine how planning scenarios affect urban ecosystem multifunctionality. Our findings will contribute to the development of enabling mechanisms, with a focus on urban land use and green infrastructure planning, to enhance the contribution made by local scale green infrastructure interventions to wider landscape scale processes and the resilience of urban ecosystems.

城市环境是地球上大多数人的所在地，因此确保这些系统提供健康，富有成效和弹性的环境至关重要。绿色基础设施 - 我们将其定义为多功能绿色空间和其他绿色特征的网络 - 是城市系统的关键组成部分，也是许多城市生物多样性的主要水库。但是，我们如何管理绿色基础架构以最大程度地利用这些功能给人类带来的好处以及更广泛的生态系统功能？在这里，我们专注于获得对与绿色基础架构相关的多样性的更好的预测性理解，以增强生态系统服务。Bioodivesity被广泛认为是多个生态系统功能（即生态系统多函数多函数）的关键驱动力，并为人类提供了许多生态系统服务，并为人类提供了许多生态系统服务。因此，对生物多样性的操纵具有很大的潜力，可以显着改善我们如何构建和管理工程和城市生态系统。知识的一个主要差距阻碍了我们利用城市地区生物多样性益处的能力，这是了解城市环境中绿色基础设施的特定归因如何影响生物多样性生物性生物系统多函数关系。这些知识对于城市绿色基础设施的设计和管理非常重要，以最大程度地提高更广泛的城市景观生态系统服务。此外，景观形式和生物多样性影响生态系统服务的机制并减轻对不利影响的机制在不同的规模上运作，我们对这些机制如何在城市景观中运作和规模缺乏了解。知识的另一个差距是，城市形式的多样性如何与邻近的城市周边和农村形式的多样性相互作用，以影响城市景观中的生态系统服务和不受欢迎。在这里，我们在知识中解决了这些差距，以了解如何使用生物多样性来增强对比量表下城市景观中的生态系统多功能性。我们专注于碳捕获，骑自行车和储存，城市冷却以及水的持有能力以及温室气体排放，病原体患病率和tick传播病原体的损害的生态系统服务；这些服务和不受限制与绿色基础设施本质上有关，并且存在与生物多样性联系的确定机械基础。我们将将对生物多样性生物系统多功能关系关系的知识整合到一个建模框架中，该框架将用于创建基于网络的计划工具，以确定计划方案如何影响城市生态系统多功能性。我们的发现将有助于发展启用机制，重点关注城市土地利用和绿色基础设施计划，以增强当地规模的绿色基础设施干预措施对更广泛的景观规模过程以及城市生态系统的韧性的贡献。

项目成果

Borrelia bavariensis in Questing Ixodes ricinus Ticks, United Kingdom.

• DOI: 10.3201/eid2910.230907
• 发表时间: 2023-10
• 期刊: EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
• 影响因子: 11.8
• 作者: Plahe, Grace;Hall, Jessica L.;Johnson, David;Gilbert, Lucy;Birtles, Richard J.
• 通讯作者: Birtles, Richard J.