I-Corps: Non-invasive, touch-based, natural sweat glucose sensor

I-Corps项目更广泛的影响/商业潜力是为糖尿病患者开发葡萄糖传感器。美国有超过3730万人患有糖尿病，全世界有4.22亿人患有糖尿病。所有1型和大多数2型糖尿病患者都需要频繁的血糖检测，以防止危及生命的高血糖/低血糖、酮症酸中毒和由于血糖水平管理不当引起的长期并发症。现有的血糖传感器包括毛细管血指棒和皮下连续血糖监测仪（CGM）。目前，95%以上的糖尿病患者仍以手指穿刺式血糖仪作为主要血糖监测方法，这种方法痛苦、杂乱、不方便，并造成社会障碍。这项技术提供了一种无痛、方便、易接近的传感技术，使用谨慎，帮助糖尿病患者了解自己的健康状况，而无需CGM和手指棒带来的身体、社会和经济负担。随着用户依从性的提高，该技术可以收集个性化生活方式训练和个性化指导服务的数据，以更好地控制饮食和糖尿病，并有可能提高糖尿病患者的生活质量，同时降低他们的医疗成本。这个I-Corps项目的基础是开发一种完全无创的、基于触摸的葡萄糖传感器，用于糖尿病患者的葡萄糖检测。与以前依赖不可靠的近红外光或射频介电光谱的非侵入性葡萄糖传感器不同，该技术基于fda批准的电化学酶促葡萄糖传感，具有高度选择性和准确性。与使用指尖毛细血管血液作为传感生物流体不同，这种传感器设计允许直接测量指尖持续可用的被动汗液中的葡萄糖。该技术允许用户通过将手指直接放在传感器表面来获得汗水葡萄糖读数，在传感器表面，自然指尖的汗水很容易与传感器反应，产生安培信号。通过首次个性化校准，用户能够以高精度将他们的汗液葡萄糖信号转换为他们的血糖水平。因此，可以实现基于触摸的、无创的、可靠的葡萄糖传感。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The broader impact/commercial potential of this I-Corps project is the development of a glucose sensor for diabetes patients. Diabetes mellitus impacts over 37.3 million people within the United States and 422 million people worldwide. All type 1 and most type 2 diabetes patients need frequent glucose testing to prevent life-threatening hyper/hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, and long-term complications due to mismanaged glucose levels. Existing glucose sensors include capillary-blood fingersticks and subdermal continuous glucose monitors (CGM). Currently, over 95% of diabetes patients still use finger-pricking glucometers as their main glucose monitoring method, which is painful, messy, inconvenient, and creates social barriers. This technology provides a pain-free, convenient, and accessible sensing technology with discreet usage that helps diabetes patients understand their health status without the physical, social and financial burdens of CGM and fingersticks. With improved user compliance, this technology can collect data for personalized lifestyle training and personalized guiding services for better diet and diabetes management, and potentially improve the life quality of diabetes patients while reducing their healthcare costs.This I-Corps project is based on the development of a completely non-invasive, touch-based glucose sensor for spot glucose checking for diabetes patients. Unlike previous non-invasive glucose sensors that rely on unreliable near-infrared light or radio-frequency dielectric spectroscopy, this technology is based on FDA-approved electrochemical enzymatic glucose sensing which is highly selective and accurate. Instead of using fingertip capillary blood as the sensing biofluid, this sensor design allows the direct measurement of glucose within the constantly available passive perspiration from the fingertips. The technology allows users to obtain a sweat glucose reading by placing their fingers directly onto the sensor surface, where the natural fingertip sweat reacts readily with the sensor to produce an amperometric signal. With a first-time personalized calibration, the user is able to convert their sweat glucose signal to their blood glucose level with high accuracy. Thus, touch-based, non-invasive and reliable glucose sensing can be achieved.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.