CAREER: A Peer-to-Peer Approach to Electricity Supply

职业：点对点的电力供应方法

• 批准号: 2245507
• 负责人: Yury Dvorkin
• 金额: $ 50万
• 依托单位: Johns Hopkins University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-10-01 至 2025-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2245507&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Peer; Approach; Electricity; Supply

Owing to recent advances in smart grid technologies, the US power grid is undergoing a nation-wide modernization. One of the most important objectives of this modernization is to achieve a high degree of supply autonomy of electricity consumers from their local electric power utilities, which is motivated by the need to ensure a higher level of reliability and energy efficiency. In practice, this supply autonomy is achieved by rolling out customer-end distributed energy resources (DERs), which include, but not limitedto, photovoltaic panels, battery energy storage, and demand-side management solutions. If these DERs are appropriately sized and operated, electricity consumers are shown to significantly reduce, if not completely eliminate, their dependency on the electricity supply from their utilities. While this supply autonomy offers significant reliability and economic benefits, it also reduces revenues streams of utilities and undermines their financial viability. As a response to these reductions, utilities in many US regions have already started increasing electricity tariffs, thus further incentivizing remaining consumers to adopt DERs. This self-fueling process (colloquially known as the utility's death spiral) calls for urgent changes to the current US power grid architecture to integrate DERs in societally acceptable and socially responsible manner. The goal of this project is to design a peer-to-peer energy exchange platform that will manage customer-end DERs using the utility's network infrastructure. Broader impact activities of this project include (a) graduate and undergraduate curriculum development, (b) summer research opportunities for undergraduate and high-school minority students via NYU's Applied Research Innovations in Science and Engineering program, (c) collaborative work with St. Anthony's High School in Melville, NY on new computer science course.The goal of this CAREER proposal is to fundamentally re-think and re-engineer the current US power grid architecture to accommodate a massive penetration level of customer-end DERs, while improving the overall reliability, resiliency, and energy efficiency of the power sector. The proposed solution rests on the following two ideas. First, we will design a peer-to-peer platform that will manage customer-end DERs using the utility's network infrastructure and decentralized, continuous-time control policies, which account for network physics and operating limits. Second, the proposed peer-to-peer platform will be coupled with an AC-power-flow-based energy management system typical for US utilities. This coupling will make it possible to design and compute appropriate network usage charges that peers will pay for using utilities' infrastructure. These network charges will generate an additional revenue stream intended to offset thedrop in the utility's revenue caused by the roll-out of customer-end DERs. Based on these two key ideas, we will develop a multi-year planning model that will optimize the nation-wide transition to a peer-centric power grid architecture and fully harvest techno-economic benefits of smart grid technologies.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

由于智能电网技术的最新进展，美国电网正在进行全国范围的现代化。这一现代化的最重要目标之一是实现电力消费者对当地电力公司的高度供电自主权，这是出于确保更高水平的可靠性和能源效率的需要。在实践中，这种供应自主性是通过推出客户端分布式能源（DER）来实现的，其中包括但不限于光伏板、电池储能和需求侧管理解决方案。如果这些DERs的规模和操作适当，电力消费者显着减少，如果不是完全消除，他们对电力供应的依赖，从他们的公用事业。虽然这种供应自主权提供了显著的可靠性和经济效益，但它也减少了公用事业的收入来源，并破坏了其财务可行性。作为对这些削减的回应，美国许多地区的公用事业公司已经开始提高电价，从而进一步激励剩余的消费者采用DER。这种自我加油的过程（俗称公用事业的死亡螺旋）要求对当前的美国电网架构进行紧急更改，以社会可接受和对社会负责的方式整合DER。该项目的目标是设计一个对等能源交换平台，该平台将使用公用事业的网络基础设施管理客户端DER。 该项目影响更广泛的活动包括：（a）研究生和本科生课程开发，（B）通过纽约大学的科学和工程应用研究创新方案为本科生和高中少数民族学生提供夏季研究机会，（c）与梅尔维尔的圣安东尼高中合作，纽约新的计算机科学课程。这个职业生涯建议的目标是从根本上重新思考和重新设计当前的美国电网架构，以适应客户端DER的大规模渗透水平，同时提高电力部门的整体可靠性、弹性和能源效率。所提出的解决办法基于以下两个想法。首先，我们将设计一个点对点平台，该平台将使用公用事业的网络基础设施和分散的连续时间控制策略来管理客户端DER，这些策略考虑了网络物理和操作限制。其次，拟议的点对点平台将与美国公用事业典型的基于交流功率流的能源管理系统相结合。这种耦合将使设计和计算适当的网络使用费成为可能，对等方将为使用公用事业的基础设施支付费用。这些网络费用将产生额外的收入流，旨在抵消由于推出客户端DER而导致的公用事业收入下降。基于这两个核心理念，我们将开发一个多年期规划模型，以优化全国范围内向以同行为中心的电网架构的过渡，并充分收获智能电网技术的技术经济效益。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。