Causal determinants of maternal labor market outcomes and child development

孕产妇劳动力市场结果和儿童发展的因果决定因素

• 批准号: 256805884
• 负责人: Professorin Regina Therese Riphahn, Ph.D.
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Statistik und empirische Wirtschaftsforschung
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2013-12-31 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/256805884?language=en
• 关键词: Causal; determinants; maternal; labor; market

In a situation of demographic aging, impending shortages of skilled labor, and rising female labor force participation rates, Germany as well as other OECD countries have adopted a set of reforms (of child care, parental leave benefits, paternal family leave) which directly affect maternal labor force participation and the social norms of childrearing, and which indirectly impact child development. Against this backdrop we propose to use up-to-date data and methods to answer questions of international relevance and to improve our understanding of the determinants of maternal labor market outcomes and child development. The results generate new insights on issues of utmost social interest such as the patterns behind female participation in the labor market and the determinants of child wellbeing including its heterogeneity across parental backgrounds.Specifically, the proposed project investigates the causal effects of (1) motherhood timing on maternal labor market outcomes (e.g., participation, working hours, or wages), (2) motherhood timing and birth spacing on child outcomes (e.g., cognitive and non-cognitive skills), and (3) maternal labor market participation and employment interruptions on child outcomes (e.g., health and behavioral problems). To identify causal effects, subprojects 1 and 2 use the individual experience of fertility shocks (e.g., miscarriages or temporal infertility of either parent) and subproject 3 exploits a recent reform of the German parental leave system which generated a sharp institutional discontinuity with little opportunity for anticipation.Using recent data and innovative approaches our research will answer questions of high relevance for society and policy-makers, such as- does delaying first births improve maternal labor market outcomes, and does the effect vary by maternal age?- can parents affect their children's early skill formation through longer spacing between sibling births?- does maternal leave taking in the first or second year of a child's life improve child outcomes and does the effect vary by maternal education and the child's sex?Each of our three subprojects proposes original research questions and applies appropriate research designs to advance the level of knowledge and to extend the international literature in various innovative ways. The proposed research benefits from the availability of the data and from the initiative and commitment of an experienced international research team. Furthermore, each subproject is socially and economically relevant beyond mere scientific interest.

在人口老龄化、熟练劳动力短缺迫在眉睫、女性劳动力参与率上升的情况下，德国和其他经合组织国家采取了一系列改革(儿童保育、育儿假福利、父亲家庭假)，这些改革直接影响到母亲的劳动力参与和育儿的社会规范，并间接影响到儿童的发展。在此背景下，我们建议使用最新的数据和方法来回答具有国际相关性的问题，并提高我们对产妇劳动力市场结果和儿童发展的决定因素的理解。具体来说，该项目调查了(1)孕产时机对母亲劳动力市场结果(如参与度、工作时间或工资)的因果影响，(2)母亲时机和生育间隔对孩子结果(如认知和非认知技能)的影响，以及(3)母亲劳动力市场参与和就业中断对孩子结果(如健康和行为问题)的因果影响。为了确定因果影响，子项目1和子项目2使用了生育冲击(例如，父母双方流产或暂时不育)的个人经历，子项目3利用了最近德国育儿假制度的改革，这导致了制度的急剧中断，几乎没有机会进行预期。我们的研究将使用最近的数据和创新方法来回答与社会和政策制定者高度相关的问题，例如-推迟第一胎是否会改善产妇劳动力市场的结果，这种影响是否会因母亲的年龄而异？--父母能否通过延长兄弟姐妹出生的间隔来影响孩子的早期技能形成？--在孩子出生的第一年或第二年休产假是否会改善孩子的结局，这种影响是否会因母亲教育和孩子的性别而异？我们的三个子项目中的每一个都提出了原创性的研究问题，并应用了适当的研究设计，以提高知识水平，以各种创新的方式扩展国际文献。拟议的研究得益于数据的可获得性以及经验丰富的国际研究小组的倡议和承诺。此外，每个子项目都具有社会和经济上的相关性，而不仅仅是科学利益。