Slavic verbal aspect in West and South Slavic linguistic enclaves

同以往一样，这项更新提案的主要目的是从形式和功能两个方面分析“全面语言接触”中濒危的南斯拉夫语和西斯拉夫语飞地的语言方面。我们将继续通过实地调研的方式收集主要品种的必要数据。到目前为止，我们已经掌握了以下微语言的重要数据：意大利的莫利斯斯拉夫语和雷西亚语，奥地利的布尔根兰克罗地亚语和德国的口语上索尔布语。我们在卡林斯斯洛文尼亚的解释性实地研究的结果将尽快得到分析。至于阿尔巴尼亚和希腊的巴尔干品种，我们的分析仅基于现有的口头和书面文本，而前往这些国家的探索性旅行不得不推迟到续期。关于伊斯罗罗尼亚语和部分关于意大利-阿尔巴尼亚语的预期控制语料库也是如此，我们已经在现场收集了一些相关数据。从一开始，我们研究的关键步骤就是检查这些变体的体系统，将它们与它们最接近的标准语言(特别是波斯尼亚-克罗地亚-塞尔维亚语、斯洛文尼亚语、保加利亚-马其顿语、标准上索尔语，共时和历时)进行比较。在其他方面，我们试图找到我们的结果和具体的接触星座之间的相关性，这将在比较研究中发表。所讨论的主要接触语言有非常不同的体结构，显示没有体对立(德语)，它们对时态的限制(意大利语，部分阿尔巴尼亚语)，以及一个完整的体系统(现代希腊语)。这些都是我们分析中相当多变量的起点，这些变量可能影响了具体的发展。在理论层面上，我们继续阐述词汇和体相互作用的ILA模型，以充分解释主导语言如何影响复制语言的体系统。总体而言，我们的项目可以被理解为建立一个关于语言接触在体系统变化中的作用的一般理论的重要因素。另一方面，它将有助于记录有问题的斯拉夫少数民族变种，所有这些变种都面临语言死亡。到目前为止，我们主要集中在现在时和过去时的指示性主动句上。在更新阶段，我们将专注于剩余的时态和语气，以及各种各样的不定式结构。然而，一个特别的焦点将放在被动语态中动词体的使用上，根据Molise Slavic的第一次测试，这是一个特别丰富的由接触引起的体变化领域。总的来说，这里提出的为期24个月的延长提案计划完成我们的项目，同时更加强调其比较部分。

As before, the main objective of this renewal proposal is to analyse verbal aspect in endangered South and West Slavic linguistic enclaves in "total language contact", both with respect to forms and functions. We will continue gathering the necessary data in the main varieties by means of field research. By now, important data are at our disposal in the following micro-languages: Molise Slavic and Resian in Italy, Burgenland Croatian in Austria and Colloquial Upper Sorbian in Germany. The results of our explanatory field research in Carinthian Slovene will be analysed as soon as possible. As for Balkan varieties in Albania and Greece, our analyses have been only on the base of existing oral and written texts, while exploratory journeys to these countries have to be postponed to the renewal period. The same is true for the intended control corpus on Istroromanian and partially also on Italo-Albanian, for which we already have gathered some relevant data on the spot. Since the beginning, key steps of our research have involved examining the aspect systems of these varieties, comparing them to those of their nearest Standard languages (especially Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian, Slovene, Bulgarian-Macedonian, Standard Upper Sorbian, synchronically and diachronically). Among other things, we try to find correlations between our results and the specific contact constellations, which will be published in comparative studies. The dominant contact languages in question have very different aspectual structures showing the absence of aspectual oppositions (German), their restrictions with respect to tense (Italian, partially Albanian), and a full-fledged aspectual system (Modern Greek). These are starting points for quite a lot of variables in our analysis that may have influenced specific developments. In a theoretical perspective, we continue to elaborate the ILA model of the interaction of the lexicon and aspect, in order to adequately explain the way in which dominant languages influence the aspect systems of replica languages. On the whole, our project may be understood as an important element in building a general theory about the role of language contact in the change of aspect systems. On the other hand, it will contribute to the documentation of the Slavic minority varieties in question, all of them facing language death. Up to now, we have focussed mainly on the indicative active of the present and the past tense. In the renewal period we will concentrate on the remaining tenses and moods, as well as on the wide variety of infinitive constructions. A special focus will, however, be on the use of verbal aspect in the passive voice, which according to first tests in Molise Slavic is an especially rich area of contact-induced change in the field of aspect. On the whole, the renewal proposal of 24 months, presented here, is planned to complete our project, also by putting still stronger emphasis on its comparative component.