Slavic verbal aspect in West and South Slavic linguistic enclaves

和以前一样，这个更新建议的主要目的是分析濒临灭绝的南部和西部斯拉夫语言飞地在“完全语言接触”中的口头方面，包括形式和功能。我们将继续通过实地调查的方式收集主要品种的必要资料。到目前为止，我们掌握了以下微型语言的重要数据：意大利的莫利兹斯拉夫语和波斯语，奥地利的布尔根兰克罗地亚语和德国的上索布尔语。我们在斯洛文尼亚的卡林蒂亚解释性实地研究的结果将尽快进行分析。至于阿尔巴尼亚和希腊的巴尔干品种，我们的分析只是基于现有的口头和书面文本，而对这些国家的探索之旅必须推迟到更新期间。同样的情况也适用于拟编制的伊斯特罗罗马尼亚语和部分意大利语-阿尔巴尼亚语对照语料库，我们已经在现场收集了一些有关数据。从一开始，我们研究的关键步骤就包括检查这些变体的方面系统，将它们与最接近的标准语言（特别是波斯尼亚-克罗地亚-塞尔维亚语，斯洛文尼亚语，保加利亚-马其顿语，标准上索布语，共时和历时）进行比较。除其他事项外，我们试图找到我们的结果与特定接触星座之间的相关性，这将在比较研究中发表。所讨论的主要接触语言有非常不同的方面结构，显示出没有方面对立（德语），它们在时态方面的限制（意大利语，部分阿尔巴尼亚语）和一个成熟的方面系统（现代希腊语）。在我们的分析中，这些是可能影响具体发展的许多变量的起点。从理论的角度来看，我们继续阐述词汇和方面相互作用的ILA模型，以充分解释主导语言影响复制语言的方面系统的方式。总的来说，我们的项目可以被理解为建立一个关于语言接触在方面系统变化中的作用的一般理论的重要组成部分。另一方面，它将有助于记录所讨论的斯拉夫少数民族品种，它们都面临语言死亡。到目前为止，我们主要关注的是现在时和过去时的指示性主动语态。在更新阶段，我们将集中学习剩余的时态和语态，以及各种不定式结构。然而，一个特别的重点将放在被动语态的动词方面的使用上，根据莫利塞斯拉夫语的第一次测试，这是一个特别丰富的接触诱发变化的领域。总的来说，这里提出的24个月的更新建议计划完成我们的项目，也更加强调其比较部分。

As before, the main objective of this renewal proposal is to analyse verbal aspect in endangered South and West Slavic linguistic enclaves in "total language contact", both with respect to forms and functions. We will continue gathering the necessary data in the main varieties by means of field research. By now, important data are at our disposal in the following micro-languages: Molise Slavic and Resian in Italy, Burgenland Croatian in Austria and Colloquial Upper Sorbian in Germany. The results of our explanatory field research in Carinthian Slovene will be analysed as soon as possible. As for Balkan varieties in Albania and Greece, our analyses have been only on the base of existing oral and written texts, while exploratory journeys to these countries have to be postponed to the renewal period. The same is true for the intended control corpus on Istroromanian and partially also on Italo-Albanian, for which we already have gathered some relevant data on the spot. Since the beginning, key steps of our research have involved examining the aspect systems of these varieties, comparing them to those of their nearest Standard languages (especially Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian, Slovene, Bulgarian-Macedonian, Standard Upper Sorbian, synchronically and diachronically). Among other things, we try to find correlations between our results and the specific contact constellations, which will be published in comparative studies. The dominant contact languages in question have very different aspectual structures showing the absence of aspectual oppositions (German), their restrictions with respect to tense (Italian, partially Albanian), and a full-fledged aspectual system (Modern Greek). These are starting points for quite a lot of variables in our analysis that may have influenced specific developments. In a theoretical perspective, we continue to elaborate the ILA model of the interaction of the lexicon and aspect, in order to adequately explain the way in which dominant languages influence the aspect systems of replica languages. On the whole, our project may be understood as an important element in building a general theory about the role of language contact in the change of aspect systems. On the other hand, it will contribute to the documentation of the Slavic minority varieties in question, all of them facing language death. Up to now, we have focussed mainly on the indicative active of the present and the past tense. In the renewal period we will concentrate on the remaining tenses and moods, as well as on the wide variety of infinitive constructions. A special focus will, however, be on the use of verbal aspect in the passive voice, which according to first tests in Molise Slavic is an especially rich area of contact-induced change in the field of aspect. On the whole, the renewal proposal of 24 months, presented here, is planned to complete our project, also by putting still stronger emphasis on its comparative component.