CAREER: Supporting Teachers to Leverage Students' Languages in Mathematics

在美国，尽管许多政策努力旨在提高多语种学生的数学成绩，但与只会说一种语言的英语学生相比，多语种学生得到的学习机会却系统性地较低。虽然许多教学多语种学生的方法往往反映了基于缺陷的观点，但数十年的研究表明，高质量的数学教学建立在学生带到课堂的资产之上。因此，迫切需要开发利用学生在数学中的语言的教学法，并相应地开发支持教师学习这种教学法的方法。该项目与一所公立中学的数学系合作，共同设计、分析和改进教师的跨语言教学法，即利用学生的全部语言库作为学习资源的教学法。本项目将探讨教师如何理解和实施跨语言教学法，跨语言教学法如何塑造学生的数学体验和学习机会，以及如何支持教师对跨语言空间的学习。通过这项工作，教师、教师教育工作者和研究人员将能够更好地了解如何利用学生的语言作为数学学习的资源，为解决全国多语种学生持续存在的机会差距做出贡献。这个项目采用了一系列的三个定性研究，使用社会设计实验方法来解决其主要目标。在第一个研究中，研究团队将与教师共同设计教学资源，如课程、数学任务和教学策略，以支持中学数学的跨语言教学。在第二项研究中，研究小组将在课堂上对这些共同设计的跨语言教学法进行录像，重点调查学生在跨语言空间中的学习机会和体验的特征。在第三项研究中，项目团队将开发视频俱乐部，以支持教师学习译语教学法，将课堂视频作为教师的主要学习资源。数据将包括人种学田野笔记、访谈、视频录制的共同设计和视频俱乐部会议、共同设计的教学资源以及视频录制的课堂观察。主要成果将是：(1)为中学数学教师共同设计的翻译资源库（如课程、任务、教学策略）；(2)为教师、教师教育工作者和研究人员提供翻译在数学中的应用视频库；(3)数学跨语言空间中学生学习特征的实证证据；(4)教师跨语言教学法学习的实证基础理论。该奖项由探索研究preK-12项目（DRK-12）资助，该项目旨在通过研究和开发创新资源、模型和工具，显著提高preK-12学生和教师对科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）的学习和教学。DRK-12计划中的项目建立在STEM教育的基础研究和先前的研究和开发工作的基础上，为拟议的项目提供了理论和实证依据。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Across the U.S., multilingual students are systematically offered lower-quality learning opportunities than their monolingual English-speaking peers, despite many policy efforts aimed at improving their performance in mathematics. While many approaches to teaching multilingual students tend to reflect deficit-based perspectives, decades of research show that quality mathematics teaching builds on the assets that students bring to the classroom. For this reason, there is a pressing need to develop pedagogies that leverage students’ languages in mathematics, and, relatedly, to develop methods for supporting teachers in learning such pedagogies. This project partners with a mathematics department at a public middle school to co-design, analyze, and improve teachers’ translanguaging pedagogies, that is pedagogies that draw on students’ full linguistic repertoires as resources for their learning. This project will investigate how teachers make sense of and enact translanguaging pedagogies, how translanguaging pedagogies shape students’ mathematical experiences and learning opportunities, and how teachers’ learning of translanguaging spaces can be supported. As a result of this work, teachers, teacher educators, and researchers will be able to better understand how students’ languages can be leveraged as resources for mathematical learning, contributing to efforts to address persistent opportunity gaps for multilingual students across the nation.This project employs a series of three qualitative studies using social design experiment methods to address its primary goals. In the first study, the research team and the teachers will co-design pedagogical resources such as lessons, mathematical tasks, and pedagogical strategies to support translanguaging in middle school mathematics. In the second study, the research team will video-record these co-designed translanguaging pedagogies in the classroom, focusing investigation on the character of students’ learning opportunities and experiences in translanguaging spaces. In the third study, the project team will develop video clubs to support teachers’ learning about translanguaging pedagogies, using classroom video as a key learning resource for teachers. Data will include ethnographic fieldnotes, interviews, video-recorded co-design and video club sessions, co-designed pedagogical resources, and video-recorded classroom observations. The primary outcomes will be: (1) a bank of co-designed translanguaging resources for middle-school mathematics teachers (e.g., lessons, tasks, pedagogical strategies); (2) a bank of videos of translanguaging in action in mathematics to guide teachers, teacher educators, and researchers; (3) empirical evidence about the character of students’ learning in translanguaging spaces in mathematics; and (4) empirically-grounded theory of teachers’ learning of translanguaging pedagogies. The award is funded by the Discovery Research preK-12 program (DRK-12) which seeks to significantly enhance the learning and teaching of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) by preK-12 students and teachers, through research and development of innovative resources, models and tools. Projects in the DRK-12 program build on fundamental research in STEM education and prior research and development efforts that provide theoretical and empirical justification for proposed projects.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.