Needs-based Justice, Group Membership and Expertise

基于需求的正义、团体成员和专业知识

• 批准号: 259020485
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Markus Tepe
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Professur Politische Systeme
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2013-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/259020485?language=en
• 关键词: Needs; based; Justice; Group; Membership

B2 studies the effect of the collective need-recognition procedure on the legitimacy of redistributive decisions and how this procedure is mediated by the use of expertise. The first project phase shows that the collective need-recognition procedure is subject to systematic distortions (equivalence framing, leaky-bucket effect, deservingness, entitlement, voting rule). However, empirical results from the first phase also show that groups are certainly capable of applying the principle of need-based justice and are even more likely to do so with the help of expertise. The social outreach and differentiation of the principle of need-based justice is at the center of the second project phase. To this end, B2 studies the conditions under which the social categorization of voters and experts leads to a more inclusive or exclusive application of the principle of need-based justice. B2 develops a novel game-theoretical framework to observe and manipulate the collective need-recognition procedure that translates individual need into collectively accepted need and redistributes accordingly. Predictions derived from the rational solution of this game serve as analytical reference points for the study of subjects’ behavior in the experimental tests. In a series of laboratory experiments, B2 gradually introduces the social categorization of voters and experts in order to test how social group membership affects the collective need-recognition procedure and the legitimacy of the redistributive decision.

B2研究了集体需求识别程序对再分配决策合法性的影响，以及这一程序如何通过使用专业知识进行调解。第一个项目阶段表明，集体需求识别程序受到系统性扭曲（等效框架，漏桶效应，应得性，权利，投票规则）。然而，第一阶段的经验结果也表明，各群体肯定能够适用基于需要的正义原则，而且在专门知识的帮助下更有可能这样做。项目第二阶段的核心是社会推广和区分基于需要的司法原则。为此，B2研究了在何种条件下，选民和专家的社会分类导致更包容或排他性地适用基于需要的正义原则。B2开发了一个新的博弈理论框架来观察和操纵集体需求识别过程，将个人需求转化为集体接受的需求，并相应地重新分配。从这个游戏的理性解中得出的预测作为研究实验测试中受试者行为的分析参考点。在一系列的实验室实验中，B2逐渐引入了选民和专家的社会分类，以测试社会群体成员身份如何影响集体需求识别程序和再分配决策的合法性。