Drawbacks and opportunities in the mobility supply by the informal sector. The example of moto-taxis in cities of the Sub-Sahara.

非正规部门提供流动性的缺点和机会。以撒哈拉以南地区城市的摩托出租车为例。在撒哈拉以南非洲快速发展的城市，缺乏国家提供的地方公共交通系统。虽然供应方面的赤字确实由非正规部门提供的运输来弥补，但同时这也导致新的供应和现有供应的改善往往受到阻碍，甚至受到破坏。关于改善非正规运输供应的条例之所以失败，不仅是因为公共当局缺乏执行手段；它们也经常违背个人规定制度中行为者的利益。因此，为了发展一个更有力的城市运输系统，必须了解所涉及的行动者（各种提供者和依赖他们就业的人，往往没有任何形式的合同）及其利益。此外，必须了解目前的框架条件（管制；国家或其他形式的机构支助；供资办法）对运输提供的形式和组织及其进一步发展的可能性的影响。有鉴于此，该项目的目标是比较审查撒哈拉以南非洲两个快速发展的城市恩贾梅纳（乍得）和科托努（贝宁）的供应制度、参与者的利益和由此产生的业务。这两个城市之所以入选，是因为它们在发展方面有许多相似之处。要观察的具体条款作为一个例子是摩托车，它长期以来在撒哈拉以南非洲城市形成了一种特别灵活的公共交通形式，鉴于日益增长的出行需求，它的重要性越来越大。摩托车供应在城市扩张中发挥着特殊的作用，因为它可以迅速应对新的需求。在审查机动出租车条款时要特别解决的问题可以分为三组：(1)条款及其特征（服务领域、成本、属性），(2)参与者及其角色，(3)参与者的基本规则和依赖关系。该项目的研究结果为了解撒哈拉以南非洲城市空间和交通发展的相互作用提供了重要的科学贡献。此外，该项目旨在支持实际可用性。因此，改善当地交通状况和未来发展战略的新前景将在与当地科学家的讨论中打开，也将与负责规划的人讨论。这些研究结果对于作为资助机构参与非洲城市交通发展的机构将特别有用。

Drawbacks and opportunities in the mobility supply by the informal sector. The example of moto-taxis in cities of the Sub-Sahara. In the fast-growing cities of sub-Saharan Africa, there is a deficiency of state-provided local public transport systems. Whilst it is true that the deficit in provision is compensated for by transport supplied by the informal sector, at the same time this leads to the introduction of new, and the improvement of existing, provision often being hampered or even torpedoed. Regulations concerning the improvement of informal transport provision fail not only due to the public authorities lacking the means of enforcement; they also often go against the interests of the actors in the system of individual provision. In order to develop a more powerful urban transport system, the actors involved (the various providers and those dependent on them for employment, often without any form of contract) and their interests must therefore be known. Furthermore, the influence of the current framework conditions (regulation; state or other forms of institutional support; funding options) on the form and organization of transport provision and the possibilities of its further development must be understood. In light of this, the goal of the project is to comparatively examine the system of provision, the interests of the actors and the operations arising from them, in N'Djamena (Chad) and Cotonou (Benin), two fast-growing cities in sub-Saharan Africa. Both cities were selected because they manifest many similarities in development. The specific provision to be observed as an example is the mototaxi, which has for a long time formed an especially flexible form of public transport in sub-Saharan African cities and, in view of growing mobility demand, is gaining increasing significance. Mototaxi provision is playing a special role in the expansion of cities, as it can react rapidly to new needs. The questions to be particularly addressed in the examination of moto-taxi provision can be divided into three groups: (1) the provision and its characteristics (service areas, costs, attributes), (2) the actors and their roles, (3) the actors underlying rules and dependencies. The project findings provide an essential scientific contribution to the understanding of the interaction of spatial and transport development in the cities of sub-Saharan Africa. Additionally, the project aims at supporting practical usability. Therefore, new prospects for the improvement of the local transport situation and for future development strategies will be opened up in discussion with local scientists, but also with those responsible for planning. These findings will be particularly useful for institutions involved as funding bodies in the development of transport in African cities.