Right-Wing Extremism and Gender: Political Socialisation and Processes of Radicalisation in Rural Area. A Case Study.

1993年的一项分析提供的证据表明，仇外暴力在农村地区出现得不成比例。国家安全部门、民间社会倡议和政治主角都注意到，右翼极端主义团体将农村作为一个撤退区域。当前对右翼极端主义的研究表明，城乡差异较大：城市民主文化发展较强，而右翼极端主义在农村的推进更为突出。最近，研究着眼于右翼极端主义态度发展和激进化的政治背景条件。更未被充分研究的是（年轻）女性参与极右翼环境的方式。在过去的二十年里，性别研究一直在研究妇女和女孩是如何参与环境的，以及她们是如何被单独社会化的。在这种情况下，社会化被定义为接触极右和/或暴力团体。进一步的研究涉及宪法问题和性别关系在这一政治实体中的重要性。到目前为止，将这些研究及其发现整合到对极右翼的一般研究中是缓慢的。特别是在涉及社会文化和政治背景在进入和激进化过程中的作用时，性别观点的整合一直被忽视。本项目旨在缩小这一差距，同时关注以下研究问题：农村地区的哪些机会结构可以促进青年男女极右翼激进化的进程？为了回答这个问题，该项目重点研究了黑森州农村地区Lahn-Dill的一个案例。在方法上，该项目采用了参与式观察、小组讨论和专家访谈的工具。我们还根据媒体报道收集了全国范围内的事件数据，以研究在极右翼和轻蔑犯罪以及暴力犯罪方面城乡差距的结构。妇女和男子参与这些罪行的形式将得到重建。对于这方面，柏林项目Respectabel的预结构新闻评论是可用的。通过这些数据收集，我们能够将案例研究的发现整合到一个更大的框架中。

An analysis from 1993 has provided evidence that xenophobic violence surfaces disproportionately in rural areas. National security authorities, civil society initiatives and political protagonists all noticed that right-wing extremist groups use the countryside as an area of retreat. Current research on right-wing extremism indicates a great disparity between rural and urban areas: while the development of democratic culture is stronger in urban areas, the advance of right-wing extremism is more prominent in the countryside. Recently, research looks at the conditions of the political context in which right-wing extremist attitudes develop and radicalize. What remains even more understudied is the way in which (young) women are involved in the far-right milieu. Over the last two decades, gender studies have asked how women and girls participate in the milieu and how they were individually socialized. Socialization in this context is defined as the access to the far-right and/or violent groups. Further studies addressed the issue of the constitution and the significance of gender relations in this political entity. The integration of these studies and their findings into the general research on the extreme-right has so far been slow. Especially when it comes to the role of the socio-cultural and political context in the process of entering and radicalizing, the integration of the gender perspective has been neglected. This project seeks to close this gap while focusing on the following research question: Which structures of opportunity in rural areas can facilitate processes of far-right radicalization of young women and men? To answer this question the project focuses on a case study located in the hessian rural district Lahn-Dill. Methodologically, the project employs the tools of participant observation, group discussion and expert interviews. We also produce a nationwide data collection of events based on media reports to examine the structure of the rural-urban disparity when it comes to far-right and contemptuous offences and violent crimes. The forms of participation for women and men in these crimes will be reconstructed. For this aspect a pre-structured press review from the Berlin project Respectabel is available. Through this data collection we are able to integrate the finding of the case study into a bigger framework.