The 24/7 economy and the health and wellbeing of family and children in Germany

我们正在目睹从后工业经济向服务经济的重要过渡，即所谓的24/7经济。24小时/7天的经济需要全天候的服务，这支撑了晚上、夜间和周末工作时间表的增加（所谓的轮班工作或非标准工作时间表）。劳动力市场的这一趋势引起了人们对其可能对家庭和儿童产生的影响的关注。这方面的研究是有限的，这方面的工作已经在美国进行，没有在德国这方面的研究。该项目旨在研究非标准工作时间表对德国父母和子女的潜在影响，使用三个完整的，具有全国代表性的面板数据集（社会经济面板（SOEP），德国家庭（FiD）和亲密关系和家庭动态面板分析（pairfam））。我们广泛的研究问题是：为了满足儿童保育需求，父母是否比没有孩子的工人更经常地工作非标准时间表？这样的时间表对父母的健康、幸福、育儿行为和工会解散有负面影响吗？对儿童的身心健康和学业成绩是否有负面影响？如果是，调解因素是什么？影响是否因儿童和父母的社会人口特征而不同？这些问题对社会、经济和工作场所政策至关重要，特别是在德国双职工家庭增加的背景下。长期以来，社会科学家在调查成年工人及其家庭的健康和福祉时一直关注教育，职业地位，就业和收入。我们的项目旨在研究社会分层及其对家庭和儿童福祉的影响的一个不太好理解的方面。这方面的问题不是父母从事的职业和工作的类型，也不是失业问题，而是他们何时参与劳动力市场的问题。该项目将为我们理解全球化服务经济中的社会不平等做出重要贡献。

We are witnessing an important transition from post-industrial economies to service economies, so called the 24/7 economy. A 24 hours/7 days economy demands services around the clock, and this has underpinned the rise in work schedules in evenings, nights, and weekends (so called shift work or nonstandard work schedules). This labour market trend has raised concerns about its possible impacts on families and children. Research in this field is limited and much of this work has been con-ducted in the US, with no study on this topic in Germany. This project aims to examine the potential impact of working nonstandard schedules on parents and children in Germany, using three comple-mentary, nationally representative panel datasets (Socio-economic Panel (SOEP), Familien in Deutschland (FiD) and Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics (pairfam)). Our broad research questions are: Do parents work nonstandard schedules more often than workers with no children in order to meet child care needs? Do such schedules have a negative impact on parental health, wellbeing, parenting behaviour, and union dissolution? Are there negative consequences for childrens physical and mental health and academic achievement? If so, what are the mediating factors? Does the impact differ by child and parent socio-demographic characteristics? These issues are critically important for social, economic and workplace policy, particularly in the context of increases in dual earner families in Germany. Social scientists have long been focusing on education, occupational status, employment, and income when investigating the health and wellbeing of adult workers and their families. Our project aims to examine a less-well understood dimension of social stratification and its impact on the wellbeing of family and children. This dimension is not the type of occupations and jobs parents engage themselves in nor unemployment, but it is when they participate in the labour market. The project will make an important contribution to our understanding of social inequality in the globalizing, service economy.