From Contract to Status. The Law of Service Contracts in the Frankfurt Letters of Service

从契约到地位。

• 批准号: 265648957
• 负责人: Dr. Thomas Pierson
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Deutsche Rechtsgeschichte, Neuere Privatrechtsgeschichte und BR
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2013-12-31 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/265648957?language=en
• 关键词: Contract; Status.; Law; Service; Contracts

The investigation of a preindustrial labour legislation is held predominantly for unessential because the juridical and social conditions for the formation of general rules would have been absent. Important sources show another picture. Juridically is to be inquired not about industrial or preindustrial, but about the sector of Work as an object of juridical regulation.Also, a high number of dependent employees existed preindustrially. As far as one argues that the law of contract has been limited to an in each case local and single-professional level, essential areas will overlook. An important and in the most different occupational fields active group were the urban civil servants. In Frankfurt lawyers, writers, craftsmen, soldiers, policemen, doctors, teachers, servants, messengers, customs officers and many others were active. New duties, for example in the community health, judicature, forestry or school system, raised the personnel requirement over and over again.The work will open up the developments of the law of contract of the urban civil servants as an essential basic form of the principle "free" service contract for the first time legal-historically. Key questions are the general questions about freedom, equality and social security.More specifically, it is about formal and substantive freedom of contract, around the juridical equal treatment of the employees, so whether and to what extent was distinguished between the different professions or whether the understanding of a consistent service law is noticeable throughout the contracts, and around the solution of social problems because of age, illness, or accidental invalidity. These problems are quite parallel in an industrialized working environment. Hence, the juridical, social and economic problem areas including their interdependences are examined with the analytical method of the problem history. In addition, longitudinal and cross-sectional studies will identify key lines of development. The source material is very extensive to all these questions.More than 2,300 'letters of service' (service contracts) of the Frankfurt Institute for Urban History, which originate from the 14th up to the early 19th century, are analyzed, in addition also police orders, oaths of office, and traditional contract conflicts.The analysis is based on the contractual contents along with their socio-economic contexts, i.e. statements regarding to contract initiation and termination of contract, breaches of contract including risk assumption, as well as the specific contemporary regulatory problems (such as wages system and loyalty duties).This research in a barely studied field allows new and important insights for problem solutions and developments of the service contract law, including the civil service law.

对工业化以前的劳动立法的研究主要被认为是不必要的，因为形成一般规则的司法和社会条件本来就不存在。重要消息来源显示了另一幅画面。从法律上讲，我们不应该探讨工业化或前工业化时期的情况，而应该探讨作为法律调节对象的劳动部门。如果有人认为合同法在每一种情况下都局限于地方和单一的专业水平，那么就会忽视一些重要的领域。城市公务员是一个重要的、活跃在不同职业领域的群体。在法兰克福，律师、作家、工匠、士兵、警察、医生、教师、仆人、信使、海关官员和许多其他人都很活跃。社区卫生、司法、林业或学校系统的新职责一再提高了对人员的要求，这项工作将开创城市公务员合同法的发展，作为“免费”原则服务合同的基本形式，这在法律上是历史上第一次。关键问题是关于自由、平等和社会保障的一般性问题，更具体地说，是关于合同的形式和实质自由，围绕着雇员在法律上的平等待遇，因此，不同职业之间是否以及在多大程度上加以区分，或者在整个合同中是否注意到对一致的服务法的理解，以及围绕着解决由于年龄而产生的社会问题，疾病或意外残疾。这些问题在工业化的工作环境中是相当平行的。因此，司法，社会和经济的问题领域，包括它们的相互依存关系与问题历史的分析方法进行审查。此外，纵向和横向研究将确定关键的发展路线。所有这些问题的原始材料都非常广泛。本文分析了法兰克福城市史研究所14世纪至19世纪初的服务契约，以及警察命令、就职宣誓和传统契约冲突，并根据契约内容沿着社会经济背景进行了分析。即关于合同的订立和终止、违约（包括风险假设）以及具体的当代监管问题（如工资制度和忠诚义务）的陈述。这项研究在一个几乎没有研究过的领域为解决问题和发展服务合同法（包括公务员法）提供了新的重要见解。