The development of complex settlements in northern Inner Oman in the 3rd millennium BC

该研究项目的出发点是缺乏对公元前3千年阿曼半岛社会和经济发展的了解，这在阿曼北部内部复杂定居点的出现中得到了最充分的反映。导致这种复杂和动态变化的内部过程和可能的外部影响，包括巨大的经济好转，显然也与美索不达米亚对铜的高需求有关，将在本项目中进行详细调查。申请人在过去五年中非常成功地在阿曼苏丹国的研究项目中调查了Hafit（公元前3100-2700年）和Umm an-Nar（公元前2700-2000年）时期的定居点和埋葬习俗，在这里提出的研究项目的重点是两个时期的定居点。由于Hafit时期的国内建筑从未被发现和考古调查过，该研究项目的主要目的是获得有关阿曼早期定居点发展的新信息。研究项目的主题是阿曼苏丹国北部的Khashbah遗址，那里既有Hafit建筑，也有Umm an- nar建筑，因此以理想的方式涵盖了调查期间。工作的重点是住区遗迹的历时比较，其中包括水和农业建筑在内的功能结构以及生存基础，以及卡什巴内的社会分化都将被研究。2015年一期工程将对整个场地进行局部调查。这不仅包括从地表收集发现，还包括所有建筑和景观特征的文件。为此，一种现代的基于卫星的测量方法应使用，在当地参考后，可以在几公里的距离内进行厘米精度的测量。在测量的情况下，可以省去用测速仪和手工绘制的费时的辐射。这项工作将以正射校正的航空照片作为补充，这是一个重要的基础，特别是在地理信息系统中对调查的后续分析。此外，计划在可能的Hafit房屋和大坝区域进行地磁勘探。测试挖掘将完成第一个战役的工作。他们专注于卡什巴中心的两个区域，一方面是独特的方形建筑，另一方面是可能的住宅。

The starting point of the proposed research project is the lack of knowledge about the social and economic development on the Omani Peninsula in the 3rd millennium BC, which is reflected the most in the emergence of complex settlements in the northern inner Oman. The internal processes and possibly also external influences that have led to this complex and dynamic change, and which also include the great economic upturn, apparently also connected with Mesopotamias high demand for copper for example, shall be investigated in detail in this project. After the applicant during the past five years very successfully investigated a settlement and burial customs of the Hafit (ca. 3100-2700 BC) and the Umm an-Nar (ca. 2700-2000 has BC) period in his own research project in the Sultanate of Oman, the focus in the here proposed research project is solely on settlements of both periods. As never before domestic buildings of the Hafit period were discovered and archaeologically investigated, the research project aims especially to achieve new information about the early settlement development in Oman. Subject of the research project is the site of Khashbah in the north of the Sultanate of Oman, which has both Hafit as well as Umm an-Nar buildings and thus covers the period of investigation in an ideal way. The focus of the work is on the diachronic comparison of settlement remains, where both the functional structure, including water and agricultural constructions and thus the subsistence base, as well as the social differentiation within Khashbah will be studied. In the first phase of the project in 2015, a local survey shall be carried out covering the entire site. This includes not only the collecting of finds from the surface, but also the documentation of all buildings and landscape features. For this a modern, satellite-based surveying method shall be used, which, after local referencing, allows measurements with centimeter precision and works within a distance of several kilometers. The time-consuming radiation by means of a tachymeter and the drawing by hand can be omittet in the case of the survey. The work will be complemented by orthorectified aerial photographs, which form an important base especially for the subsequent analysis of the survey in a geographic information system. In addition, a geomagnetic prospection is planned in the area of the possible Hafit houses and that of the dam. Test excavations will complete the work of the first campaign. They focus on two areas in the center of Khashbah, on the one hand the unique square building and on the other hand a possible residence.