Self-Related and Other-Related Risk Perception: The Impact of Risk Stereotypes and Affective Responses

该项目的主要目标是审查艾滋病毒和性传播疾病领域的风险陈规定型观念的影响和对风险认知的影响。这一建议包括四个新的方面：(1)设计一种新的方法来评估自我相关的风险感知，使之能够在个人而不是群体层面上识别不切实际的乐观风险感知；(2)考察关于高危或低风险人群的刻板印象(风险刻板印象)对自我相关风险感知的作用；(3)从多系统的角度考察情感对他人相关风险感知的作用，包括既定的神经成像和心理生理学测量；以及(4)评估自我相关和其他相关风险感知的相互作用。探讨这些问题被认为与更好地理解知识-行为差距有关，即尽管对健康风险有很高的知识，但保护性行为的流行率相对较低。从长远来看，这项研究将有助于实现世界卫生组织和其他卫生专家机构所呼吁的设计更有效的风险干预措施的总体目标。

The main goal of this project is to examine the effects of risk stereotypes and affect on risk perceptions in the domain of HIV and sexually transmitted diseases. This proposal incorporates four new aspects: (1) devising a new method to assess self-related risk perceptions which enable to identify unrealistic optimistic risk perceptions at the individual rather than at the group level; (2) examining the role of stereotypical beliefs about persons high or low at risk (risk stereotypes) for self-related risk perceptions; (3) examining the role of affect for other-related risk perception from a multi-system perspective including established neuroimaging and psychophysiological measures; and (4) assessing the interplay of self-related and other-related risk perceptions. Exploring these issues is considered as relevant towards a better understanding of the knowledge-behavior gap, i.e. the comparable low prevalence of protective behavior despite high knowledge about health risks. In the long run, this research will contribute towards the overarching goal of devising more effective risk interventions called for by the World Health Organization and other health expert institutions.