Social Contact Risk: Dynamic Changes in Social Risk Perception and Interpersonal Behavior

社会接触风险：社会风险认知和人际行为的动态变化

• 批准号: 316164582
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Britta Renner
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Arbeitsgruppe Allgemeine und Biologische Psychologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/316164582?language=en
• 关键词: Social; Contact; Risk; Dynamic; Changes

The research project `Social Contact Risk` will examine the dynamics of risk perceptions and precautionary behaviors at two system levels, including short-term brain responses and long-term assessment in real life, in the context of communicable diseases transmitted through interpersonal contact. According to the WHO and other major health organizations, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) provide a great burden for the society. Furthermore, there is evidence that people often have optimistically biased STI risk perceptions, believing that it won`t happen to them. In line with the so-called `wicked environment` conception (Hogarth, 2010), i.e., a lack of valid feedback information, we assume that inaccurate social risk perceptions and STI risk misconceptions are also a consequence of a lack of corrective feedback. Therefore, the project will examine in two Work Packages (WPs) mechanisms of change in risk perceptions by providing individually tailored risk-related feedback (exposure). WP1 will examine exposure to risk-related feedback targeting the risk cycle pre-event phase regarding the question `How dangerous/safe is the other person?`. WP2 will focus on the event- and post-event phases by providing feedback regarding the question `Who infects whom?`. Overall, the proposed project pursues the following three aims: (1) To determine how receiving individually tailored feedback about `false-risky` and `false-safe` errors in social risk perceptions in the pre-event and event phase leads to changes in other-related STI risk perceptions (`How dangerous/safe is the other person?`) and self-related STI risk perceptions (`How vulnerable am I?`) across time, and how this is modulated by preparedness factors (e.g., trait pathogen avoidance). In addition, we will investigate the impact of preparedness (e.g., trait pathogen avoidance) on dynamic changes. (2) To examine dynamic changes in STI risk perceptions and (sexual) risk behaviors in the laboratory and real-world (PEC cycles). (3) To investigate neural correlates of error feedback related to STI risk perceptions and their relation to changes in self- and other-related STI risk perceptions and behavior, i.e., `brain-as-predictor approach (Falk et al., 2011). To study the pre-event phase dynamics, we created the dating risk scenario `Pairings`, and we designed a sexual risk situation scenario `Risk Twin` for the event and post-event risk dynamics. Both types of paradigms allow assessing intuitive social risk perceptions and behaviors through a combination of neuroimaging methods and self-reports, which will be realized in close collaboration with P2 `Media Scare` and P5 `Personalized Risk`. To capture the dynamics of risk perception and behaviors across PEC cycles in laboratory and real-life settings, we will additionally utilize mobile intensive `real-world` Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) in close collaboration with P5 and P6.

“社会接触风险”研究项目将在通过人际接触传播的传染病的背景下，在两个系统层面上审查风险认知和预防行为的动态，包括短期大脑反应和真实的生活中的长期评估。根据世界卫生组织和其他主要卫生组织，性传播感染（STI）为社会带来了巨大负担。此外，有证据表明，人们往往有乐观偏见的STI风险的看法，认为它不会发生在他们身上。根据所谓的“邪恶环境”概念（Hogarth，2010年），即，由于缺乏有效的反馈信息，我们假设不准确的社会风险认知和STI风险误解也是缺乏纠正反馈的结果。因此，该项目将通过提供针对个人的风险相关反馈（暴露），在两个工作包中审查风险认知的变化机制。WP 1将针对风险周期事件发生前阶段，针对“他人有多危险/安全？”这一问题，检查风险相关反馈的暴露情况。工作方案2将侧重于活动和活动后阶段，就“谁感染了谁？”问题提供反馈。总的来说，拟议的项目追求以下三个目标：（1）确定如何接收个别定制的反馈，关于“假风险”和“假安全”的错误，在社会风险的看法，在事件前和事件阶段导致变化，在其他相关的性传播感染风险的看法（“如何危险/安全是其他人？”）和自我相关的性传播感染风险认知（“我有多脆弱？”）以及这是如何被准备因素调节的（例如，避免病原体性状）。此外，我们还将调查准备工作的影响（例如，性状病原体回避）对动态变化的影响。(2)在实验室和现实世界（PEC周期）中检查STI风险认知和（性）风险行为的动态变化。(3)研究与STI风险感知相关的错误反馈的神经相关性及其与自我和他人相关STI风险感知和行为变化的关系，即，“大脑作为预测器的方法”（Falk等人，2011年）。为了研究事件前阶段的动态，我们创建了约会风险情景“配对”，我们为事件和事件后风险动态设计了性风险情景“风险孪生”。这两种类型的范例允许通过神经成像方法和自我报告的组合来评估直观的社会风险感知和行为，这将与P2“媒体恐慌”和P5“个性化风险”密切合作来实现。为了在实验室和现实环境中捕捉PEC周期中的风险感知和行为动态，我们将与P5和P6密切合作，额外利用移动的密集的“现实世界”生态瞬时评估（EMA）。