Social Contact Risk: Dynamic Changes in Social Risk Perception and Interpersonal Behavior

“社会接触风险”研究项目将在两个系统层面上研究风险感知和预防行为的动态，包括在通过人际接触传播的传染病的背景下，在现实生活中进行短期大脑反应和长期评估。据世界卫生组织和其他主要卫生组织称，性传播感染（STIs）给社会带来了巨大的负担。此外，有证据表明，人们往往对性传播感染风险有乐观偏见，认为这不会发生在他们身上。根据所谓的“邪恶环境”概念（Hogarth, 2010），即缺乏有效的反馈信息，我们假设不准确的社会风险感知和性传播感染风险误解也是缺乏纠正反馈的结果。因此，该项目将通过提供量身定制的风险相关反馈（暴露），在两个工作包（wp）中检查风险认知变化机制。WP1将针对风险周期事件前阶段的问题“另一个人有多危险/安全？”检查风险相关反馈的暴露情况。WP2将通过就“谁感染了谁”这一问题提供反馈，重点关注事件和事件后阶段。总的来说，拟议的项目追求以下三个目标：(1)确定在事件前和事件阶段接受关于社会风险感知中的“假风险”和“假安全”错误的个性化反馈如何导致其他相关STI风险感知的变化（“其他人有多危险/安全？”）)以及与自身相关的性传播感染风险认知(“我有多脆弱？”’)，以及这是如何通过准备因素（例如，特质病原体回避）来调节的。此外，我们将调查准备（例如，性状病原体避免）对动态变化的影响。(2)研究实验室和现实世界（PEC周期）中性传播感染风险认知和（性）风险行为的动态变化。(3)研究与性传播感染风险感知相关的错误反馈的神经相关性及其与自我和他人性传播感染风险感知和行为变化的关系，即“大脑预测方法”（Falk et al., 2011）。为了研究事件前阶段动态，我们创建了约会风险情景“配对”，并为事件和事件后风险动态设计了性风险情景“风险双胞胎”。这两种范式都允许通过神经影像学方法和自我报告相结合来评估直观的社会风险感知和行为，这将与P2“媒体恐慌”和P5“个性化风险”密切合作实现。为了在实验室和现实环境中捕捉跨PEC周期的风险感知和行为动态，我们还将与P5和P6密切合作，利用移动密集型“现实世界”生态瞬间评估（EMA）。

The research project `Social Contact Risk` will examine the dynamics of risk perceptions and precautionary behaviors at two system levels, including short-term brain responses and long-term assessment in real life, in the context of communicable diseases transmitted through interpersonal contact. According to the WHO and other major health organizations, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) provide a great burden for the society. Furthermore, there is evidence that people often have optimistically biased STI risk perceptions, believing that it won`t happen to them. In line with the so-called `wicked environment` conception (Hogarth, 2010), i.e., a lack of valid feedback information, we assume that inaccurate social risk perceptions and STI risk misconceptions are also a consequence of a lack of corrective feedback. Therefore, the project will examine in two Work Packages (WPs) mechanisms of change in risk perceptions by providing individually tailored risk-related feedback (exposure). WP1 will examine exposure to risk-related feedback targeting the risk cycle pre-event phase regarding the question `How dangerous/safe is the other person?`. WP2 will focus on the event- and post-event phases by providing feedback regarding the question `Who infects whom?`. Overall, the proposed project pursues the following three aims: (1) To determine how receiving individually tailored feedback about `false-risky` and `false-safe` errors in social risk perceptions in the pre-event and event phase leads to changes in other-related STI risk perceptions (`How dangerous/safe is the other person?`) and self-related STI risk perceptions (`How vulnerable am I?`) across time, and how this is modulated by preparedness factors (e.g., trait pathogen avoidance). In addition, we will investigate the impact of preparedness (e.g., trait pathogen avoidance) on dynamic changes. (2) To examine dynamic changes in STI risk perceptions and (sexual) risk behaviors in the laboratory and real-world (PEC cycles). (3) To investigate neural correlates of error feedback related to STI risk perceptions and their relation to changes in self- and other-related STI risk perceptions and behavior, i.e., `brain-as-predictor approach (Falk et al., 2011). To study the pre-event phase dynamics, we created the dating risk scenario `Pairings`, and we designed a sexual risk situation scenario `Risk Twin` for the event and post-event risk dynamics. Both types of paradigms allow assessing intuitive social risk perceptions and behaviors through a combination of neuroimaging methods and self-reports, which will be realized in close collaboration with P2 `Media Scare` and P5 `Personalized Risk`. To capture the dynamics of risk perception and behaviors across PEC cycles in laboratory and real-life settings, we will additionally utilize mobile intensive `real-world` Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) in close collaboration with P5 and P6.