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Everybody: A Transnational Iconography

每个人：跨国图像

基本信息

批准号：
270437670
负责人：
Privatdozentin Dr. Anna Schober-de Graaf
金额：
--
依托单位：
Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2013-12-31 至 2017-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/270437670?language=en
关键词：
Everybody Transnational Iconography

项目摘要

This project aims to draw up a cultural-historical iconography of the figure of the everybody, with a particular focus on its more recent history. "Everybody" refers to a type of figure used in films and photography, but also in political propaganda, advertising or in the internet, to appeal to all of us and to testify to the truth or reality of what is portrayed. These figures are familiar under terms like the common man, common woman, "everyman/woman", "the man in the street", "the girl next door" or "people in general". All these figures are often accorded a utopian role that is critical of the present order of things. They then appear as a "new man/ woman" and thus function as vehicles of a myth of a "new life". This research project concentrates on how the figure of the everybody appears in visual media, which since the first decades of the 20th century have become the culturally dominant dissemination channels of social discourses. In drawing up such an iconography the project focuses in particular on the period of transition from the employee culture of "organised" modernity to the creative culture of late or post-modernity - that is, from approximately 1960 to the present. However, this period is not regarded as a homogeneous "block". Instead, two periods of transition will be looked at in greater detail: the upheaval around "1968" and the period around 1990, which is often described under the catchphrase "the end of the welfare state". The starting point of the study is film representations of the everybody - with the medium of film being supplemented in the course of the research by examples of other visual media (political advertising, product advertising, intermedia art, photography and the internet) that have contributed significantly to the visual figuralisation of the everybody and are characteristic of the two main investigation periods. Within this study framework the research project will pursue three primary objectives: The first objective is to draw up a plural and transnational iconography of the figure of the everybody since 1960. The second is to locate exemplary figures of the everybody in a longer tradition of political-democratic figures of popularisation that began with the change towards potential republican or democratic political systems in the 18th and 19th centuries. The third is to critically and comparatively discuss the current philosophical conceptualisations of the everybody as a figure of thought for the diagnosis of the present as they appear in relation to the examples of visual culture being studied. By completing these goals the project will analyse the mediating, socialising and mobilising role the figure of the everybody exercises in a contemporary context, marked by increasing mobile, plural and often transitory group-building processes, by a celebration of "individual initiative" and a pronounced scepticism vis à vis the universal.

该项目旨在绘制每个人形象的文化历史图像，特别关注其最近的历史。 “每个人”指的是电影和摄影中使用的一种人物，但也用于政治宣传、广告或互联网中，以吸引我们所有人并证明所描绘内容的真实性或现实性。这些人物在普通男人、普通女人、“每个男人/女人”、“街上的男人”、“邻家女孩”或“一般人”等术语中都很常见。所有这些人物通常都被赋予了对当前事物秩序持批评态度的乌托邦角色。然后，他们以“新男人/女人”的身份出现，从而成为“新生活”神话的载体。该研究项目的重点是每个人的形象如何在视觉媒体中出现，自 20 世纪头几十年以来，视觉媒体已成为社会话语的文化主导传播渠道。在绘制这样的图像时，该项目特别关注从“有组织的”现代性的员工文化到晚期或后现代性的创意文化的过渡时期——即从大约 1960 年到现在。然而，这一时期并不被视为同质的“区块”。相反，我们将更详细地考察两个过渡时期：“1968 年”前后的剧变和 1990 年左右的时期，这通常被用“福利国家的终结”这一口号来描述。这项研究的出发点是电影对每个人的表征——在研究过程中，电影媒介被其他视觉媒体（政治广告、产品广告、跨媒体艺术、摄影和互联网）的例子所补充，这些媒体对每个人的视觉形象化做出了重大贡献，并且是两个主要调查时期的特征。在这个研究框架内，该研究项目将追求三个主要目标：第一个目标是绘制自1960年以来每个人形象的多元化和跨国肖像。第二个目标是在从18世纪和19世纪潜在的共和或民主政治制度的转变开始的政治民主大众化形象的较长传统中找到每个人的典范人物。第三，批判性地、比较性地讨论当前每个人的哲学概念化，作为诊断当前的思想形象，因为它们与正在研究的视觉文化的例子相关。通过完成这些目标，该项目将分析每个人在当代背景下所发挥的中介、社交和动员作用，其特点是不断增加的流动性、多元化和往往是短暂的群体建设过程，庆祝“个人主动性”和对普遍性的明显怀疑。