MHC diversity, migration and pathogens: effects of host-pathogen interactions on fitness traits in greater flamingos across the Mediterranean basin and west Africa.

MHC 多样性、迁徙和病原体：宿主与病原体相互作用对地中海盆地和西非大火烈鸟健康特征的影响。

• 批准号: 270925578
• 负责人: Privatdozent Dr. Mark Gillingham, Ph.D.
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Evolutionsökologie und Naturschutzgenomik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2014-12-31 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/270925578?language=en
• 关键词: MHC; diversity; migration; pathogens; effects

Long-distance migration and dispersal is likely to play a central role in the spread of pathogens across wide geographic areas, which have important implications for wildlife, livestock and human health. In particular, long-distance migrating and dispersing waterbirds are often cited as playing a central role in the wide geographic spread of waterborne gastrointestinal pathogens which contaminate crucial waterbodies for wildlife and human activities. However, the host-pathogen interaction in long-distance dispersing species remains largely unknown. Immune genetic diversity, including the most diverse immune genes in vertebrates, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, is generally thought to be correlated with adaptive potential and to be shaped by powerful pathogen-mediated selection (PMS). How PMS shapes MHC diversity will depend on the little known spatial and temporal dynamics of pathogen communities encountered by long-distance dispersing species. Long-distance dispersal may act to homogenise pathogen communities across species distribution, thereby resulting in similar PMS between populations. Alternatively, strong environmental selection may rapidly select pathogens across space and time, resulting in strong selection for local adaptations. Furthermore, pathogens and host MHC variability are likely to have an important impact on both host survival and the ability of the host to disperse. MHC variability associated with low pathogen load may favour long-distance dispersal propensity and ability, which will limit the effectiveness of pathogen spread by long-distance dispersal host species. To date, no study has investigated the combined effects of pathogens and MHC variability on dispersal behaviour. The Greater Flamingo, Phoenicopterus roseus is a partially long-distance migratory and dispersing waterbird species. It is the most abundant avian species in Mediterranean wetlands and feeds intensively in areas where a large number of birds have defecated in shallow waters, which increases the risk of gastrointestinal pathogen infection. By combining a large number of samples collected around the Mediterranean basin and west Africa (n = 9323), a long-term life-history dataset (1995-2017) and recently available next-generation sequencing methods, we propose to: (1) test the effect of the local environment and long-distance dispersal on the gastrointestinal bacterial community and MHC diversity of breeding populations across the Mediterranean basin and west Africa; (2) identify pathogen- and MHC-fitness trait correlations; (3) test for the variation in MHC allele frequencies and selection across time; and, (4) test the combined effects of pathogen loads and MHC variation on long-distance dispersal propensity and ability. This project will play a crucial role in the understanding of the risks of gastrointestinal pathogens on natural avian populations and how it shapes genetic adaptability, individual fitness and population health.

远距离迁徙和扩散很可能在病原体在广泛地理区域的传播中发挥核心作用，这对野生动物、牲畜和人类健康具有重要影响。特别是，长距离迁徙和分散的水鸟经常被认为在水媒胃肠道病原体的广泛地理传播中发挥着核心作用，这些病原体污染了野生动物和人类活动的关键水体。然而，寄主-病原菌在远距离散布物种中的相互作用在很大程度上仍不清楚。免疫遗传多样性，包括脊椎动物中最多样化的免疫基因，主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)基因，通常被认为与适应潜力相关，并受到强大的病原体介导的选择(PMS)的影响。PMS如何塑造MHC多样性将取决于远距离分散物种所遇到的病原体群落鲜为人知的时空动态。远距离传播可能使跨物种分布的病原体群落同质化，从而导致种群之间类似的经前综合症。或者，强烈的环境选择可能会跨越空间和时间快速选择病原体，导致对局部适应的强烈选择。此外，病原体和宿主MHC的变异性可能会对宿主的生存和宿主的分散能力产生重要影响。与病原菌载量低相关的MHC变异性可能有利于病原菌的远距离传播倾向和能力，这将限制病原体通过远距离传播宿主物种传播的有效性。到目前为止，还没有研究调查病原体和MHC变异性对传播行为的综合影响。大火烈鸟是一种部分长距离迁徙和分散的水鸟物种。它是地中海湿地中最丰富的鸟类物种，在大量鸟类在浅水排泄的地区密集觅食，这增加了胃肠道病原体感染的风险。通过结合在地中海盆地和西非(n=9323)收集的大量样本、长期的生活史数据集(1995-2017)和最近可用的下一代测序方法，我们建议：(1)测试当地环境和远程分散对地中海盆地和西非繁殖种群的胃肠道细菌群落和MHC多样性的影响；(2)确定病原体与MHC适合性的相关性；(3)测试MHC等位基因频率的变化和随时间的选择；以及，(4)检验病原菌载量和MHC变异对长距离传播倾向和能力的综合影响。该项目将在了解胃肠道病原体对天然禽类种群的风险以及它如何影响遗传适应性、个体健康和种群健康方面发挥关键作用。

项目成果

Offspring Microbiomes Differ Across Breeding Sites in a Panmictic Species

• DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00035
• 发表时间: 2019-02-06
• 期刊: FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Gillingham, Mark Alan Frank;Bechet, Arnaud;Sommer, Simone
• 通讯作者: Sommer, Simone

A novel workflow to improve multi-locus genotyping of wildlife species: an experimental set-up with a known model system

改进野生动物物种多位点基因分型的新颖工作流程：使用已知模型系统的实验装置

• DOI: 10.1101/638288
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: bioRxiv
• 作者: Gillingham;M. A. F;Montero;Wilhelm;Grudzus;Sommer;Santos;P. S. C.
• 通讯作者: P. S. C.

Vessel diameter is related to amount and spatial arrangement of axial parenchyma in woody angiosperms.

• DOI: 10.1111/pce.13091
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Plant, cell & environment
• 作者: Hugh Morris;Mark A. F. Gillingham;L. Plavcová;S. Gleason;M. Olson;D. Coomes;E. Fichtler;Matthias M Klepsch;Hugo I. Martínez-Cabrera;D. McGlinn;E. Wheeler;Jingming Zheng;Kasia Ziemińska;S. Jansen

A farewell to the sum of Akaike weights: The benefits of alternative metrics for variable importance estimations in model selection

• DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12835
• 发表时间: 2017-12-01
• 期刊: METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
• 影响因子: 6.6
• 作者: Galipaud, Matthias;Gillingham, Mark A. F.;Dechaume-Moncharmont, Francois-Xavier
• 通讯作者: Dechaume-Moncharmont, Francois-Xavier

Assessing environmental pollution in birds: a new methodological approach for interpreting bioaccumulation of trace elements in feather shafts using geochemical sediment data

• DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12644
• 发表时间: 2017-01
• 期刊: Methods in Ecology and Evolution
• 影响因子: 6.6
• 作者: Fabrizio Borghesi;E. Dinelli;Francesca Migani;A. Béchet;M. Rendón-Martos;J. Amat;S. Sommer;Mark A. F. Gillingham