Development of a causal model for efficient disassembly network design for XXL-products

由于产品的尺寸和复杂性，大型产品（xxl产品：如风能、起重机和输送机系统）的移除包含特殊要求（如更高的运输成本）。这些要求主要导致了高昂的移除成本。分布式拆卸过程不仅基于经济效益，而且基于生态和物流效率的网络设计，可以通过允许将额外的目标数字（例如产品部件的回收配额，拆卸前置时间和网络性能）集成到规划过程中，从而降低xxl产品的移除成本。这种规划的主要挑战是确定诸如工厂数量、工厂产能、工厂位置、到产品的距离等参数值，并将活动分配到相关地点。然而，对哪些因素是大型产品拆卸网络设计的主要驱动因素的科学检查并不存在。本研究项目旨在开发一个因果模型，该模型描述了各种外部因素对xxl产品拆卸网络设计的影响，同时考虑了经济、环境和物流方面的因素。为了实现这一目标，确定并评估了设计这种网络的关键因素。开发的基础是分布式拆解网络的优化模型。为了求解优化模型，必须采用启发式方法。通过制定和解决问题场景中的各种问题实例，研究不同因素的影响。启发式解决方法的使用允许一个时间贫乏或一般可解的位置规划问题。本项目的研究问题是，在何种条件下，大型产品的空间分布拆卸网络能够高效运行，同时实现经济、环境和物流目标数字的良好权衡。该项目基于这样的假设，即大规模产品的空间分布拆卸过程在经济、环境和物流上都是有利的。

The removal of large products (XXL-products: e. g. wind energy, crane, and conveyer systems) contains special requirements (e. g. higher transportation costs), due to the products size and complexity. Mainly, these requirements lead to high removal costs. A distributed disassembly process which is based not only on an economically efficient but also ecologically and logistically efficient network design can be able to decrease removal costs for XXL-products by also allowing integrating additional target figures (e. g. recycling quota of product parts, disassembly lead time, and network performance) into the planning process. The main challenge of such a planning is determining the parameter values for e.g. plant numbers, plant capacities, plant locations, distance to the product, and assigning activities to the relevant locations. Yet, a scientific examination of which factors are the main drivers for a disassembly network design of large-scale products does not exist. This research project aims to develop a causal model which describes the influence of various external factors on the design of a disassembly network for xxl-products by also allowing for economic, environmental and logistical aspects. In order to achieve this goal, crucial factors for designing such a network are identified and evaluated. The basis for the development is an optimization model of a distributed disassembly network. For solving the optimization model a heuristical approach is necessary. Through formulation and solution of various problem instances within a problem scenario the influence of different factors is to be investigated. The use of a heuristic solution approach permits a time-poor or a general solvability of the location planning problem. The research question of this project is which conditions allow an efficiently run spatially distributed disassembly network for large products by also achieving a good tradeoff of economic, environmental and logistical target figures. The project is based on the hypothesis that a spatially distributed disassembly process for large-scale products is economically, environmentally and logistically advantageous.