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Typology and Theory of Remotivation

再激励的类型学和理论

基本信息

批准号：
273128776
负责人：
Professor Dr. Rüdiger Harnisch
金额：
--
依托单位：
Lehrstuhl für Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2014-12-31 至 2019-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/273128776?language=en
关键词：
Typology Theory Remotivation

项目摘要

The linguistic sign is seen as being arbitrary. Phonological or morphological motivation is supposed to be confined to onomatopoetica or compositional structures resp. But remotivation is largely restricted to folk-etymology. Furthermore, representatives of grammaticalization theory focus on semantic bleaching (demotivation) and formal weakening (desegmentation) as the regular modes of language change. Others have attempted to point out reverse processes (remotivation, resegmentation), but have been rejected with reference to the principle of unidirectionality. - (A) We, meanwhile, assume, not that degrammaticalization and delexicalization are the direct inverse of grammaticalization and lexicalization, but that they are processes in their own right, raising the semantic as well as the formal status of linguistic units by remotivation and resegmentation. This we call reanalysis. We seek to classify diverse related phenomena by applying appropriate parameters and typological criteria. These phenomena reach from reanalysis of grammatical features (gender > sex) and secretion of suffixes (proper > prop-er, prop in child language) to folk-etymology (coward > cow-herd) and de-idiomatization (Germ. fragwürdig *dubious* > *worth to be asked*) etc. - (B) A second type of remotivation often neglected are pleonasms. They shall also be parametrized and typified. While in the case of degrammaticalization and delexicalization, constructional iconicity is achieved by morphological secretion (mine > sl. mi-ne, your-n), in the case of pleonastic constructions it is attained by semantic secretion, i.e. by copying semes of lexemes and adding them as proper morphemes (the best sold > the best sold-est). - The remotivation types (A) and (B) are all linked to the linguistic sign itself. But we intend also to include cases of remotivation caused by sign use. - (C) One form of this we call relocution. It occurs in utterances deprived of their context dependent meaning and reduced to their context independent meaning (SHE Could you pass it to me? *Please pass it to me* - HE responding for fun only: Yes). - (D) A further form is recontextualization. This occurs in utterances whose meaning is charged by knowledge about the world, so that the context independent meaning is enriched by a context dependent one (Germ. *Sonderbehandlung* lost its neutral sense *special treatment* since the Nazis used it in the sense of *genocide*). - All of these processes can be subsumed under the common theme of remotivation. We aim to confront the established paradigm of research into demotivation processes with this concept of remotivation, which until now has largely been neglected. Moreover we aim to answer the question of whether and - if so - how these disparate phenomena are governed by common principles. The aim is a typology and a theory of remotivation. In so doing, we further aim to emphasise the potential of motivation against the still predominant postulate of arbitrariness.

语言符号被认为是任意的。音系理据或形态理据被认为分别局限于拟声诗或作曲结构。但是再激励主要局限于民间词源。此外，语法化理论的代表人物把语义淡化和形式弱化作为语言变化的规律。另一些人试图指出相反的过程（重新激励、重新分割），但因提到单向性原则而被拒绝。- （A）与此同时，我们并不认为去语法化和去词汇化是语法化和词汇化的直接逆过程，而是认为它们本身就是一个过程，通过再激活和再切分提高了语言单位的语义和形式地位。我们称之为再分析。我们试图通过应用适当的参数和类型学标准对各种相关现象进行分类。这些现象从语法特征的重新分析（gender > sex）和后缀的分泌（proper > prop-er，prop in child language）到民间词源（coward > cow-herd）和去习语化（Germ. fragwürdig * doubtful * > *worth to be asked*）etc. -（B）第二种经常被忽视的动机是重复。还应将其参数化和典型化。而在去词汇化和去词汇化的情况下，结构象似性是通过形态分泌实现的（mine > sl）。mi-ne，your-n），在pleonastic结构的情况下，它是通过语义分泌来实现的，即通过复制词素的义素并将它们作为适当的词素添加（最畅销>最畅销）。- 再激励类型（A）和（B）都与语言符号本身有关。但我们也打算包括由使用标志引起的再激励的情况。- （C）这种形式的一种，我们称之为relocation。它发生在被剥夺了语境依赖意义的话语中，而被还原为语境独立意义（SHE你能把它递给我吗？* 请递给我 * -他回答只是为了好玩：是的）。- （D）另一种形式是重新语境化。这发生在话语的意义是由知识的世界，使上下文无关的意义是丰富的上下文相关的一个（德语。*Sonderbehandlung* 失去了它的中性意义 * 特殊待遇 *，因为纳粹在 * 种族灭绝 * 的意义上使用它。- 所有这些进程都可以归入重新激励这一共同主题之下。我们的目标是面对这个概念的再激励，到目前为止，在很大程度上被忽视的去激励过程的研究范式。此外，我们的目标是回答这些不同的现象是否以及如何由共同的原则支配的问题。其目的是一种再激励的类型学和理论。这样做，我们进一步的目的是强调潜在的动机对仍然占主导地位的假设的任意性。