Dynamic model of a coupled system of the convecting mantle, lithosphere and ice shield of Antarctica (MANTIS-II).

南极冰杯的演化对人类栖息地极为重要，因为它直接关系到海平面的变化。最近的研究表明，它的行为强烈地受到岩石圈的热状况和动力学的影响。然而，就地壳和上地幔结构而言，南极洲仍然是研究最少的大陆之一。因此，在新的综合模型中采用不断改进的卫星数据是非常重要的。在拟议的研究中，我们将建立一个动力学模型，它描述了南极洲对流地幔、岩石圈和覆盖的冰盖之间的相互作用。该模型将基于卫星重力、干涉测量和磁数据以及地震层析成像和其他地球物理信息的综合。项目第一阶段建立的南极岩石圈-上地幔一体化模型是耦合系统动力学模拟的基础。这个三维模型提供了温度、流变性和密度的变化，这些都是数值模拟对流地幔与岩石圈相互作用的输入参数。我们将使用最近开发的计算机代码，这些代码实现了一些重要的参数，例如粘度的3D变化，它非线性地依赖于几个因素。首先，该模型解释了南极岩石圈的结构、演化和应力状态。特别是，将重点介绍东南极岩石圈根部和西南极裂谷系统的演化。其次，耦合的地幔-岩石圈模型精炼了强烈影响南极冰盖的地表热输出和垂直运动，这一动态行为将在项目的下一部分模拟。这些参数的使用与以前的工作有很大的不同。此外，利用显示当前冰速的各种卫星数据，提供了约束模型参数的可能性。所建立的模型将有助于解释冰盾的行为，并预测其未来的发展。

Evolution of the Antarctic ice cup is extremely important for the human habitat, since it is directly related to the sea-level variations. It has been demonstrated recently that its behavior is strongly influenced by thermal regime and dynamics of the lithosphere. However, Antarctica remains one of the least studied continents with respect to the crust and upper mantle structure. Therefore, it is very important to employ continuously improving satellite data in new integrative models. In the proposed study we are going to develop a dynamic model, which describes interaction of the convecting mantle, lithosphere and overlaying ice shield of Antarctica. This model will be based on integration of the satellite gravity, interferometry and magnetic data together with seismic tomography and other geophysical information. The integrative model of the Antarctic lithosphere and upper mantle, which is developed at the first stage of the project, forms a basis for dynamic modeling of the coupled system. This 3D model provides variations of temperature, rheology and density, which are the input parameters for numerical simulations of the dynamic interaction between the convecting mantle and lithosphere. We will use recently developed computer codes, which implement such important parameters as for example 3D variations of viscosity, which depends non-linearly on several factors. First, this model explains structure, evolution and stress state of the Antarctic lithosphere. In particularly, evolution of the lithospheric roots in East Antarctica and of the rift systems in West Antarctica will be highlighted. Second, the coupled mantle-lithosphere model refines surface heat output and vertical movements strongly influencing the Antarctic ice shield, which dynamic behavior will be modeled in the following part of the project. Using of these parameters makes a principal difference from previous works. Furthermore, employing of various satellite data, showing current ice velocities, provides a possibility to constrain model parameters. The constructed model will help to explain behavior of the ice shield and to predict its future development.