Comparative mechanistic elucidation of adaptation of Sporisorium reilianum to its host plants maize and sorghum

孢子孢子虫对其寄主植物玉米和高粱的适应的比较机制阐明

• 批准号: 274748973
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Jan Schirawski
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Genetik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2014-12-31 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/274748973?language=en
• 关键词: Comparative; mechanistic; elucidation; adaptation; Sporisorium

Adaptation of plant-colonizing fungi to novel hosts is one of the major sources of newly emerging fungal plant pathogens. Although biotrophic fungi are known to tightly adapt to their hosts and often are specific to one particular host plant, host jumps were quite common during evolution of the smut fungi. The mechanisms allowing host-plant adapted strains to swap hosts are unclear. Mechanistic elucidation underlying adaptive host colonization is necessary for the development of protection strategies of our crop plants from tomorrows threats. The genetically amenable smut fungus Sporisorium reilianum has recently swapped host from sorghum to maize. Today, two formae speciales have been recognized, S. reilianum f. sp. reilianum (SRS), a highly virulent pathogen of sorghum, and S. reilianum f. sp. zeae (SRZ), a moderately virulent pathogen of maize. In the laboratory, strains of SRS and SRZ can form hybrids that are weakly infectious on both host plants. We want to use Experimental Evolution by repeatedly subjecting natural and hybrid strains to selection pressure by the plant. Evolved strains will be compared to starting strains using genome, transcriptome and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing to explore whether adaptation to a new host plant involves slow but stable genetic changes, adaptive epigenetic changes, or is the result of hybridization.

植物定殖真菌对新寄主的适应性是植物真菌病原菌的主要来源之一。虽然已知生物营养真菌对其寄主的适应性很强，并且通常只针对一种特定的寄主植物，但在黑穗病真菌的进化过程中，寄主跳跃是相当普遍的。允许适应寄主植物的菌株交换寄主的机制尚不清楚。阐明适应性寄主定殖的机制对于制定保护作物免受未来威胁的策略是必要的。最近，遗传适应性强的黑穗病菌从高粱换到了玉米。今天，已经确认了两种形式的特殊，S. reilianum f. sp. reilianum (SRS)，高粱的高毒力病原体，和S. reilianum f. sp. zeae (SRZ)，玉米的中等毒力病原体。在实验室中，SRS和SRZ菌株可以形成杂种，在两种寄主植物上都具有弱感染性。我们想用实验进化法，反复让自然和杂交品系经受植物的选择压力。利用基因组、转录组和染色质免疫沉淀测序将进化菌株与起始菌株进行比较，以探索对新寄主植物的适应是缓慢但稳定的遗传变化、适应性表观遗传变化，还是杂交的结果。