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Multimodal integration in extraocular motoneurons

眼外运动神经元的多模态整合

基本信息

批准号：
274915083
负责人：
Professor Dr.-Ing. Stefan Glasauer
金额：
--
依托单位：
Lehrstuhl für Neurobiologie
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2014-12-31 至 2021-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/274915083?language=en
关键词：
Multimodal integration extraocular motoneurons

项目摘要

Continuous accurate visual perception is an important behavioral requirement during self-motion. To maintain visual acuity during locomotion, retinal image drift is minimized by dynamic counteractive eye and/or head-adjustments evoked by the concerted action of multisensory and intrinsic motor efference copy signals. As final neuronal element of motor outputs for image-stabilizing eye movements, extraocular motoneurons are the key element for signal integration. The current proposal aims to study with an experimental/computational approach how multimodal signals are integrated by individual motoneurons to generate functionally appropriate motor commands. This will reveal rules and constraints of motoneuronal decision-making at a single cell level. In this framework, the current project therefore aims to decipher 1) the range and distribution of morpho-physiological properties of extraocular motoneurons as the underlying element that determines the dynamic bandwidth for neuronal computations, 2) the functional interaction and plasticity between different multisensory (visuo-vestibular) and locomotor efference copy inputs to extraocular motoneurons during passive and active motion. The experimental approach will be complemented and conceptually formulated in aim 3) in which a computational model is generated that describes the mechanistic principles for multimodal signal integration. The normative basis for the model is the role of sensor fusion in a probabilistic framework as mechanism for optimal gaze-stabilization during locomotion. The study will be performed on the simple and tractable nervous system of Xenopus laevis tadpoles that offers the possibility to experimentally access all relevant sensory-motor structures for electrophysiological and optical recordings as well as behavioral analyses. The expression of locomotor activity in these semi-intact preparations along with intact eyes and inner ears allows the application of natural sensory stimuli in the presence and absence of locomotor activity. The complementary experience of the two involved laboratories for experimental and computational studies offers the possibility to successfully decipher the biological algorithms and their neural implementation with respect to population and single neurons morphological and intrinsic properties. A possible separation into motoneuronal subdivisions with distinct properties might be the explanation of how specific computational capabilities influence the cellular decision on spatial and dynamic aspects of neuronal output that underlies effective motor behavior. The proposed project will thus demonstrate how extraocular motoneurons generate the appropriate activity patterns required for adequate gaze stabilization from multimodal signals and how the underlying mechanisms can be formalized in a computational model at the neuronal level.

持续准确的视觉感知是自我运动过程中的重要行为要求。为了在运动过程中保持视觉敏锐度，通过多感觉和内在运动传出复制信号的协同作用引起的动态反作用眼睛和/或头部调整来最小化视网膜图像漂移。眼外运动神经元作为图像稳定眼球运动的最终神经元，是信号整合的关键元件。目前的建议旨在研究与实验/计算的方法如何多模态信号集成的个别运动神经元，以产生功能适当的电机命令。这将揭示规则和限制运动神经元的决策在单个细胞水平。因此，在这个框架下，目前的项目的目的是破译1）的范围和分布的形态生理特性的眼外运动神经元的基础元素，决定了动态带宽的神经元计算，2）功能之间的相互作用和可塑性不同的多感觉（视觉前庭）和运动传出复制输入到眼外运动神经元在被动和主动运动。实验方法将在目标3）中得到补充和概念性阐述，其中生成描述多模态信号集成的机械原理的计算模型。该模型的规范性基础是传感器融合的概率框架中的作用，在运动过程中的最佳凝视稳定的机制。该研究将在非洲爪蟾蝌蚪的简单易处理的神经系统上进行，该神经系统提供了通过实验访问所有相关的感觉运动结构以进行电生理和光学记录以及行为分析的可能性。在这些半完整的制备物以及完整的眼睛和内耳中表达运动活性允许在存在和不存在运动活性的情况下应用天然感觉刺激。两个实验室在实验和计算研究方面的互补经验，为成功破译生物算法及其在种群和单个神经元形态和内在特性方面的神经实现提供了可能性。一个可能的分离到运动神经元的细分与不同的属性可能是解释如何特定的计算能力影响细胞的决定，神经元输出的空间和动态方面的基础有效的运动行为。因此，拟议的项目将演示如何眼外运动神经元产生适当的活动模式所需的足够的凝视稳定从多模态信号，以及如何在神经元水平的计算模型的基础机制可以被正式化。