Evaluation of the vulnerability of existing building stocks under the impact of extreme natural hazards

极端自然灾害影响下现有建筑群的脆弱性评估

• 批准号: 278225923
• 负责人: Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schwarz
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Erdbebenzentrum - EDAC
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2014-12-31 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/278225923?language=en
• 关键词: Evaluation; vulnerability; existing; building; stocks

The aim of the initial phase was the development of an engineering based evaluation system for the vulnerability of building stocks in their regional distribution under the impact of the natural hazards earthquake, flood, tsunami and wind and their combined consideration in the sense of a multi-hazard vulnerability. A key objective of the continuation phase is to refine and extent the developed models with the concept of the "LEGOization" of the existing buildings. The proposed sub-structuring of buildings in stories (including roof, basement and ceilings) allows the classification of the vulnerability and damage characteristics within the individual, unified separated building zones and the synthesis of representative building prototypes. In order to set the multi-hazard vulnerability in relation to the real hazard, exposure classes are defined which reflect the specific situation by the contributions of individual natural hazards at a site. On this basis, the dominance of the corresponding natural hazards can be evaluated and the consequences of individual hazard can be compared for different assumed occurrence rates. The extensive "field-oriented" data elaboration must be supplemented, replaced or preferably coupled with "Remote Sensing" technologies and the evaluation of aerial photographs for changing the situation and state (change detection) in different time windows. The impact intensity concept from earthquake hazard can be applied to other natural hazards, so that these can be combined with the characteristic damage to the building. The definitions of damage grades are extended with respect to damage patterns of roof construction and chimneys as independent substructures, which are particularly exposed at the top of the structure. Until now, the assessment of the vulnerability is global and focused on the whole building; it is foreseen to break down the evaluation on the locally differently affected building zones. Engineering and experience-based assignments of the most likely vulnerability classes and the identification of their uncertainty ranges have to be further differentiated for the transformation of the analytically-based fragility functions and have to be concentrated on sub-structured building zones. A hybrid approach has to be developed for damage prognosis combining empirical, analytical, and instrumental sources of information. The evaluation system has to be adapted in a way that the changes in the vulnerability due to temporally differently set events and sequences of identical and different natural hazards can be considered. The methodology developed for the simulation of building damage has to be applied to the natural hazards and their sequences. The aim here is to investigate the spreading of the impact side, building modeling and the final consequences for the damage prognosis. The developed elements have to be provided within a modular arranged databank structure leading to a "Conceptual damage simulation tool".

初始阶段的目的是开发一个基于工程的评估系统，用于评估建筑在地震、洪水、海啸和风力等自然灾害影响下的区域分布脆弱性，以及在多种灾害脆弱性的意义上综合考虑这些灾害的脆弱性。延续阶段的一个关键目标是用现有建筑的“乐高化”概念来完善和扩展已开发的模型。拟议的分层建筑（包括屋顶、地下室和天花板）允许在单个、统一分离的建筑区域内对脆弱性和损坏特征进行分类，并综合具有代表性的建筑原型。为了将多灾害易损性与实际灾害相比较，定义了暴露等级，暴露等级反映了场地中各个自然灾害的具体情况。在此基础上，可以评估相应自然灾害的主导地位，并可以比较不同假设发生率下单个灾害的后果。广泛的“面向实地”的数据编制工作必须补充、取代或最好加上“遥感”技术和评价航空照片，以便在不同时间窗口内改变情况和状态（变化检测）。地震灾害中的冲击强度概念可以应用于其他自然灾害，使其与建筑物的特征破坏相结合。损伤等级的定义扩展到作为独立子结构的屋顶结构和烟囱的损伤模式，它们特别暴露在结构的顶部。到目前为止，脆弱性评估是全球性的，重点是整个建筑；预计将对当地不同受影响的建筑区域进行分解评估。最可能的脆弱性类别的工程和基于经验的分配及其不确定性范围的识别必须进一步区分，以实现基于分析的脆弱性函数的转换，并且必须集中在子结构建筑区域。必须开发一种结合经验、分析和仪器信息来源的混合方法来进行损害预测。必须调整评估系统，以便考虑到由于时间上不同的事件和相同和不同自然灾害的顺序而导致的脆弱性变化。为模拟建筑物破坏而开发的方法必须应用于自然灾害及其序列。本文的目的是研究冲击面扩散、建筑物建模和最终的损伤预测结果。开发的要素必须在模块化排列的数据库结构中提供，从而形成“概念损害模拟工具”。