High-performance and lightweight Graphene-CFRP tank for storage of compressed Hydrogen for aerospace applications

用于航空航天应用的压缩燃料长期以来一直被视为一种出色的耐用和耐损伤（D&DT），并且是环境可持续未来的可靠候选者。自第一次研究以来，设计轻型但高度绝缘的加压氢罐已被确定为关键的使能技术之一。该提案详细介绍了该财团设计和开发用于航空航天应用的石墨烯高性能和轻质压缩储氢罐演示器的计划。储罐将由以下部分组成：a）纳米材料增强熔融沉积成型（FDM，3D打印）聚合物内衬，B）石墨烯低渗透层和c）石墨烯和相关材料增强基质CFRP复合材料外包装层。演示器将满足TRL 3级。所提出的罐利用GRM的材料特性，如不渗透性、结构强度和导电性，开发具有以下特征的产品：1.高强度和低重量2。低渗透性3.在静态爆破、疲劳、自增强和冲击载荷条件下具有高耐久性和损伤容限（D&DT）4.高可靠性考虑分散在制造工艺，材料，几何形状5.高导电性，防雷6.极端条件下的稳定性（例如，环境温度从+55 °C变化到-55 °C，环境压力从大气压变化到0.3 bar，以及五年内约10，000次此类起飞到着陆循环的航空环境）。该项目将经历以下设计演变：-纳米材料候选选择和分析-单个功能组件的样品开发-内衬，薄膜和外包装。- 开发三种功能部件的数值模型-通过渗透性测试对样品进行实验分析，机械和电气试验.用试验结果验证数字模型.组合式坦克演示系统的设计和数字分析.坦克系统的安全性分析.坦克演示样机的制造.包括泄漏试验的试验分析（使用低压氢气）以及机械和电气测试和验证-认证计划和业务计划本项目采用系统集成方法：工程和制造过程将与安全分析和认证研究一起手牵手并反复进行，以确保易于引入最终产品进入航空航天市场。

Compressed fuel for aerospace applications is since long seen as an outstanding durable and damage tolerant (D&DT), and reliable candidate for an environmentally sustainable future. Since the first studies, the design of light yet highly insulated tanks for pressurized hydrogen has been identified as one of the key enabling technologies. This proposal details the plans of this consortium to design and develop a Graphene based high-performance and lightweight compressed hydrogen storage tank demonstrator for aerospace applications. The tank will be composed of: a) Nanomaterial reinforced Fused Deposition Modelled (FDM, 3D printing) polymer liner, b) Graphene low permeability layer and c) Graphene and Related Materials reinforced matrix CFRP composite overwrapped layer. The demonstrator will satisfy a TRL level 3. The proposed tank exploits the material properties of GRMs like impermeability, structural strength and electrical conductivity, to develop a product with the following features: 1. High strength and Low weight 2. Low-permeability 3. High Durability and Damage Tolerance (D&DT) under static burst, fatigue, autofrettage, and impact loading conditions 4. High Reliability considering scatter in manufacturing processes, material, geometrical shape 5. High electrical conductivity for lightning protection 6. Stability in extreme conditions (e.g. aeronautical environment with an ambient temperature variation from +55 °C to -55 °C, and an ambient pressure variation from atmospheric to 0.3 bar, and around 10,000 such take-off to landing cycles over five years.) This proposed project undergoes the following evolution of design: -Nanomaterial candidate selection and analysis - Sample development for individual functional components - liner, membrane and overwrap. - Development of numerical models for three functional components - Experimental analysis of samples via permeability testing, mechanical and electrical testing - Numerical model validation with experimental results - Design and numerical analysis of combined tank demonstrator system - Safety analysis of tank system - Manufacturing of tank demonstrator prototypes - Experimental analysis including leakage tests (using low pressure Hydrogen) as well as mechanical and electrical tests, and verification - Certification programme and business plan This project adopts a system integration approach: The engineering and fabrication process will be performed hand in hand and iteratively with safety analyses and certification study to ensure ease of induction of the final product into the aerospace market.