Highly porous 3-dimensional aeromaterials for energy-efficient, ultra-fast and selective gas sensors

用于高效节能、超快速和选择性气体传感器的高多孔三维航空材料

• 批准号: 423187260
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Rainer Adelung
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Kunststoffe und Verbundwerkstoffe
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/423187260?language=en
• 关键词: Highly; porous; dimensional; aeromaterials; energy

The aim of the project is to investigate novel, energy-efficient, ultrafast and selective gas sensors based on lightweight framework materials (densities of ~ 2 mg/cm³) made of carbon nanomaterials (e.g. graphene, CNTs, graphene oxide, graphite) with macroscopic expansions (> cm³) and free volumes of over 99.99 %. The basis for the development of these gas sensors lies in the already very successful work on the aeromaterial "Aerographit", a macroscopic framework structure consisting of a large number of interconnected hollow graphitic microtubes with nanoscopic (< 50 nm) wall thickness. The unique framework structure of these aeromaterials results in a relatively large (~ 100 m²/g) surface, which is especially accessible for gases. At the same time, the very large free and open-pored volume allows the flow of gases through this framework structure. The unique micro- and nanostructure of the aeromaterials simultaneously results in a very low heat capacity. This enables extremely fast heating and cooling rates (> 400 K/s) in large volumes (> cm³) to temperatures of up to 500 °C in fractions of a second with low electrical power consumption (< 10 W). Such high temperatures lead to a significant increase in reactivity and thus in the sensitivity of gas sensors. Based on the combination of these properties and the already known high gas sensitivities of carbon nanomaterials novel gas sensors will be developed in this project. The focus of the project is the acquisition of a comprehensive understanding of the physical and chemical relationships and their influence on the gas sensor characteristics of aeromaterials. In particular, the influence of different structural parameters (e.g. wall thickness, density, material type, etc.) as well as the effects of different functionalizations (e.g. incorporation of nanoparticles as receptors/catalysts) on the properties of the gas sensors will be investigated in detail. A further focus is on a more detailed understanding of the growth process of such scaffold-based aeromaterials, which allows a targeted adaptation of the properties to achieve optimal performance and selectivity in gas sensor technology. Furthermore, the thermal-electrical behaviour and the gas flow properties of aeromaterials will be studied extensively. Moreover, innovative measurement methods for gas detection based on the high heating and cooling rates will be developed.

该项目的目的是研究新型、节能、超快和选择性气体传感器，该传感器基于由碳纳米材料（例如石墨烯、CNT、氧化石墨烯、石墨）制成的轻质框架材料（密度约为2 mg/cm³），宏观膨胀（> cm³）和自由体积超过99.99%。开发这些气体传感器的基础在于对航空材料“Aerographit”已经非常成功的工作，Aerographit是一种宏观框架结构，由大量互连的中空石墨微管组成，具有纳米级（< 50 nm）壁厚。这些航空材料独特的骨架结构导致相对较大的表面（约100 m²/g），特别适合气体。同时，非常大的自由和开孔体积允许气体流过该框架结构。航空材料独特的微米和纳米结构同时导致非常低的热容。这使得大体积（> cm³）的加热和冷却速度（> 400 K/s）能够在几分之一秒内达到高达500 °C的温度，并且耗电量低（< 10 W）。这样的高温导致反应性的显著增加，从而导致气体传感器的灵敏度的显著增加。基于这些特性和碳纳米材料已知的高气敏性的组合，本项目将开发新型气体传感器。该项目的重点是全面了解物理和化学关系及其对航空材料气敏特性的影响。特别地，不同结构参数（例如，壁厚、密度、材料类型等）的影响被考虑。以及不同功能化（例如，引入纳米颗粒作为受体/催化剂）对气体传感器性能的影响将被详细研究。进一步的重点是更详细地了解这种基于支架的航空材料的生长过程，这允许有针对性地调整性能，以实现气体传感器技术的最佳性能和选择性。此外，航空材料的热电行为和气体流动特性将得到广泛的研究。此外，还将开发基于高加热和冷却速率的气体检测创新测量方法。