Literary characters in early writings of Nagai Kafû (1879-1959): Character models in literary and historical context

该项目集中于Kafû在他的美国和欧洲之旅（1903-1908）期间和之后不久所写的作品。它们既包括小说，也包括非小说文本，如日记、随笔和游记。Kafû因此确立了自己作为一个作家，有影响力的批评家的现代化和传送带欧洲-首先是法国-文学在他回到日本。文本中描绘的文学人物可以被视为现代人的结构，包括重要的问题，例如与他人的相遇，批判性的自我反思以及对现代日本身份的探索。现有的研究论文大多集中在对日本近代化的批判、传记问题或法国文学的影响等方面。然而，文学人物还没有得到彻底的研究。相反，他们要么被认为是典型的，不复杂的，因此被忽视，而倾向于其他方面，要么他们被等同于作者，因此根本不被理解为叙事构建的角色。然而，本项目所追求的论点是，卡夫<s:1>的人物、叙事结构及其与既定文学模式和当代人性形象的关系，为研究他对现代人方方面面的文学处理提供了重要的基础。该项目旨在从两个方面揭示文本的新层次：首先，确定Kafû使用的叙事策略和人物塑造惯例，并揭示他如何处理和结合欧洲和日本文本中的元素。第二，揭示kaf<s:1>人物与相关语境之间的关系：存在于文化知识中的既定文学模式，如flakneur，以及存在于当代日本的人的形象。该项目希望有助于(1)研究后古典叙事学意义上的文学人物，(2)研究明治后期（1868-1912）日本人对身份的追求，更准确地说，是关于人性形象的形成及其如何在文学中表现出来。

The project focuses on writings composed by Kafû during and shortly after his journey to America and Europe (1903-1908). They include fiction as well as non-fictional texts, e. g. diaries, essays and travelogues. Kafû thereby established himself as an author, influential critic of modernization and conveyor of European - above all French - literature upon his return to Japan. The literary characters drawn in the texts can be seen as constructions of modern man that comprise important issues as for example the encounter with the other, the critical self-reflection and the search for a modern Japanese identity.The existing research papers on Kafûs writings mostly focus on his critique of Japanese modernization, on biographical issues or the influence of French literature. The literary characters, however, have not been examined thoroughly yet. On the contrary, they have either been perceived as being typified and not complex and were therefore disregarded in favor of other aspects, or they were equated with the author and therefore not apprehended as narratively constructed characters at all. The project, however, pursues the thesis that Kafûs characters, their narrative construction and their relations to established literary models and contemporary images of human nature provide an important basis for the research on his literary treatment of the facets of modern man. The project aims at revealing new layers of the texts in two regards: First, to identify narrative strategies and conventions of characterization Kafû used, and to uncover how he is handling and combining elements from European and Japanese texts in his characters. Second, to disclose the relationships between Kafûs characters and relevant contexts: established literary models like the flâneur, that are present in cultural knowledge, and images of man that are present in contemporary Japan. The project wants to contribute (1) to research on literary characters in the sense of post-classical narratology, and (2) to studies on the Japanese search for identity in the late Meiji-Period (1868-1912), more precisely: on the forming of images of human nature and how they became manifest in literature.