Risk practices in politics and the financial sector: A comparative analysis of their characteristics and of translational dynamics across social fields

处理复杂风险已成为当代社会的关键挑战之一。经济、政治和民间行为者在假设风险原则上可以管理和控制的基础上汇聚在一起。然而，与此同时，根据风险是天生的社会构成的猜想，人们对风险是什么，以及在不同的社会领域应该如何评估和处理风险有了一致的理解。这一点在金融领域和政治领域尤为明显，在这两个领域，风险的含义往往截然不同。尽管在金融领域，风险和随之而来的机会是正相关的，但政治行为者--至少在许多西方民主国家--会尽可能避免或尽量减少风险。这些对风险含义的理解上的差异可能会成为社会挑战，例如关于不同社会领域之间的互动和协调、对风险的霸权理解以及管理和控制风险的适当战略。到目前为止，人们对这些不同的理解及其对社会领域之间的互动和协调的影响知之甚少。以金融危机和欧洲危机为起点，该项目的目标是(A)分析金融部门和专业政治领域对风险的具体含义和理解，(B)调查风险的含义如何因领域之间的相互作用而发生变化。特别是，我们的目标是重建这些转变背后的多样化和多面性的翻译过程。该项目的基础是这两个领域之间越来越多的互动和交织，这对于将风险作为政治和经济行动的参照点的意义是必然的，至少需要就对风险的不同理解进行一些对话。因此，我们试图理解金融部门对风险的具体理解成为政治行动的参照点，以及政治决定成为金融市场参与者决策的基准所产生的社会后果。总体而言，我们寻求开发一个经验主义的理论概念，以了解对风险及其对金融部门和职业政治领域行动的影响的不同含义和理解。

The handling of complex risk has become one of the key challenges of contemporary societies. Economic, political, and civil actors converge on the assumption that risks can in principle be managed and controlled. However, at the same time, following the conjecture that risks are inherently socially constructed, there are concurrent understandings of what risks are, how they should be evaluated and dealt with in different social fields. This is particularly evident in the financial sector and in politics, where risk often carries very different meanings. Whereas in the financial sector, risk and accompanying chances are positively associated, political actors, at least in many western democracies, try to avoid or minimize risk wherever possible. These differences in construals of the very meaning of risk can become societal challenges, for example regarding the interactions between and the coordination of different social fields, the hegemonic understandings of risk, and adequate strategies of managing and controlling risk. Until now, only very little is known about these different understandings and their consequences for interaction and coordination between social fields. Taking the financial- and Euro-crises as a starting point, the objectives of the project are (a) to analyze specific meanings and understandings of risk in the financial sector and the field of professional politics, (b) to investigate how the meanings of risk shift as a consequence of interactions between fields. In particular, we aim at reconstructing the diverse and multi-facetted translation processes underlying these shifts. The project is based on the thesis of increasing interactions and interweavings between the two fields, which are consequential regarding the very meaning of risk as a point of reference in political and economic action, at least requiring some effort at dialogue over different understandings of risk. Hence, we seek to understand the social consequences of the specific understandings of risk in the financial sector becoming a reference point of political action, and of political decisions becoming a datum of the decisions of financial market actors. Overall, we seek to develop an empirically substantiated theoretical conception of the different meanings and understandings of risk and their consequences for action in the financial sector and the field of professional politics.