3D-LommID: Novel Techniques, Theories and Circuits for 3D Locatablemm-Wave RFID Tags

高精度的室内和室外3D定位和高速通信是物联网以及车辆与车辆和车辆与基础设施通信的关键技术。3D-LommID的主要目标是建立新型的多输入多输出（MIMO）架构，适用于长距离，高精度，多径抵抗和多目标3D定位，以及基于创新的开关注入锁定振荡器（筒仓）转发器原理的同步高速通信。选择60 GHz左右的频带是因为它允许大带宽，从而允许高定位精度，以及小形状因子，即使在应用需要多个信号路径的MIMO概念时。将研究两种主要的应答器架构：首先，再生反向MIMO反向散射方法，该方法采用货车阿塔阵列配置中的多个SILO，以实现高达100 m的高覆盖范围，具有稳定的双向通信链路以及约5 cm的定位精度。第二，再生正交编码MIMO反向散射方法，其在基站处使用高度灵活的脉冲编码和逆波束形成提供低至1 cm的高3D对象位置精度和方向跟踪。这两种转发器概念都与具有多个相干RX和TX模块的MIMO基站进行互操作，这些模块具有宽带复信号生成和接收功能，用于FMCW测距、到达角检测以及双向通信。在理论方面，将对多SILO后向散射系统和电路进行深入分析，以确定最佳的脉冲同步和调制方案以及最佳的电路设计参数。系统和组件级仿真允许对技术边界和参数进行分析。现有的理论模型将扩展考虑寄生效应和现实世界的实现边界。在电路层面研究了几个新颖的想法：例如，基于击穿乘法器电路（智能晶体管堆叠）的高功率振荡器，以及添加快速可切换前置放大器和功率放大器以及控制和脉冲发生器电路以提高信噪比。此外，为了实现紧凑型MIMO系统，我们将研究紧凑型无源电感和基于有源电感的筒仓方法。这些电路将采用快速可用的BiCMOS技术，并与优化的天线配置相结合。最终的系统演示器将由两个MIMO基站和多个转发器组成。据我们所知，这将是第一次对MIMO筒仓概念进行研究。

High precision 3D indoor and outdoor localization and high speed communication are key technologies for the internet of things and for vehcile2vehicle and vehicle2infrastructure communication. The main goal of 3D-LommID is to establish novel multiple in multiple out (MIMO) architectures suitable for long-range, high accuracy, multipath resistant and multi-object 3D localization, as well as simultaneous high speed communication based on the innovative switched injection-locked oscillator (SILO) transponder principle. The frequency band around 60 GHz is chosen since it allows a large bandwidth and consequently a high positioning accuracy, as well as small form factors even when applying MIMO concepts requiring multiple signal paths. Two major transponder architectures will be investigated: Firstly, a regenerative retrodirective MIMO backscatter approach, which employs multiple SILOs in a Van Atta array configuration to achieve a high coverage range of up to 100 m with a stable bidirectional communication link as well as a positioning accuracy of around 5 cm. Secondly, a regenerative orthogonally coded MIMO backscatter approach, which provides a high 3D object position accuracy down to 1 cm and orientation tracking using highly flexible pulse coding and inverse beamforming at the base station. Both transponder concepts interoperate with a MIMO base station with multiple coherent RX and TX modules featuring wideband complex signal generation and reception for FMCW ranging, angle of arrival detection as well as bidirectional communication. Regarding theory, profound analyses for multi-SILO backscatter systems and circuits will be performed in order to identify optimum pulse synchronization and modulation schemes as well as optimal circuit design parameters. System and component level simulations allow for an analysis of technological boundaries and parameters. Existing theoretical models will be extended considering parasitics and boundaries of real-world implementations. Several novel ideas are investigated on circuit level: e.g. high power oscillators based on breakdown multiplier circuits (smart transistor stacking) as well as adding of fast switchable preamplifiers and power amplifiers plus control and pulse generator circuits to increase the signal to noise ratio. Moreover, to enable compact MIMO systems, we will study compact, passive-inductor-less and active-inductor-based SILO approaches. The circuits will be implemented in fasted available BiCMOS technology and combined with optimized antenna configurations. The final system demonstrator will consist of two MIMO base stations and multiple transponders. To our knowledge, this will be the first research on MIMO SILO concepts.