Deciphering the translational landscape of Arabidopsis and maize meiocytes

破译拟南芥和玉米性母细胞的翻译景观

• 批准号: 313643961
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Arp Schnittger
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Biozentrum Klein Flottbek und Botanischer Garten
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/313643961?language=en
• 关键词: Deciphering; translational; landscape; Arabidopsis; maize

Meiosis is of central importance for the life cycle of sexually reproducing organisms, such as the majority of flowering plants. Moreover, meiosis is key to biodiversity and with that also for plant breeding. Recent data from us and others strongly suggest that meiosis in plants, similar to meiosis in yeast, relies on pervasive translational control. However, since meiocytes are difficult to isolate, especially from Arabidopsis, in which our molecular understanding of plant meiosis is most advanced, very little is known about meiotic gene regulation through translation. Based on current advances in our team, we can now overcome these technical limitations and will here obtain the translatome of the eudicotyledonous species Arabidopsis thaliana. In an interspecies approach, we will then identify the translatome of meiocytes in maize, a monocotyledonous species and one of the most important crops. The maize work is made possible through substantial knowledge on maize and a unique set up in our department to collect single cells. The large size of maize meiocytes also allows us to obtain the translatome of female and male meiocytes. Thus, we can compare not only conserved regulatory mechanisms within the two main lineages among flowering plants but also between sexes. Furthermore, comparing the regulation of meiosis in yeast with the obtained plant translatomes will allow us to reveal general principles and evolutionary themes in meiotic control in eukaryotes. Highly translated and very poorly translated transcripts will then be analyzed in detail for their particular compositions of proteins that bind to them and control their translation. In parallel, we will unravel the ribonucleo-protein composition of three genes in Arabidopsis and maize for which we have obtained evidence for translational regulation in our preparatory work. With this pioneering project we want reach a new level of our understanding of gene regulation in meiosis. Thereby, we will create a long-term research base for our newly established department at the University of Hamburg that utilizes the existing expertise on maize as well as our previous experience and preparatory work in Arabidopsis.

减数分裂对于有性生殖生物的生命周期至关重要，例如大多数开花植物。此外，减数分裂是生物多样性的关键，也是植物育种的关键。我们和其他人最近的数据强烈表明，植物减数分裂，类似于酵母减数分裂，依赖于普遍的翻译控制。然而，由于性母细胞很难分离，特别是从拟南芥，其中我们的植物减数分裂的分子理解是最先进的，很少有人知道减数分裂基因调控通过翻译。基于我们团队目前的进展，我们现在可以克服这些技术限制，并将在这里获得真双子叶植物拟南芥的翻译组。在种间方法中，我们将确定玉米，单子叶植物物种和最重要的作物之一的性母细胞的翻译组。玉米工作是通过大量的玉米知识和我们部门独特的设置来收集单细胞。玉米的大尺寸的性母细胞也允许我们获得雌性和雄性性母细胞的翻译组。因此，我们不仅可以比较保守的调控机制，在两个主要谱系之间的开花植物，而且性别之间。此外，比较酵母中减数分裂的调控与获得的植物翻译组将使我们能够揭示真核生物减数分裂控制的一般原则和进化主题。然后，将详细分析高度翻译和非常差翻译的转录本，以确定与它们结合并控制它们翻译的蛋白质的特定组成。与此同时，我们将解开的核糖核蛋白组成的三个基因在拟南芥和玉米，我们已经获得的证据，在我们的准备工作中的翻译调控。通过这个开创性的项目，我们希望达到一个新的水平，我们对减数分裂基因调控的理解。因此，我们将为汉堡大学新成立的部门建立一个长期的研究基地，利用现有的玉米专业知识以及我们以前在拟南芥方面的经验和准备工作。