Building adaptive capacity through (trans-) local social capital – sea level rise and resilience of coastal communities and households in selected Indonesian second-tier cities (SeaLevel_TRANSOCAP II)

拟议的研究项目(TRANSOCAP II)将研究印度尼西亚二线城市的沿海社区，由于其地理位置和特定的社会背景，这些社区极易受到海平面上升和沿海灾害的影响。当政府和行政当局缺乏资源充分应对自然灾害和环境变化时，社会资本成为当地社区和家庭成功适应的决定性资源。我们的总体假设是，通过信任和相互支持网络，社区和个人家庭能够组织获得贷款、汇款、信息和技术诀窍。这些资产有可能成为灾后恢复、社区适应和长期应对自然灾害的宝贵资源。这项提议的主要研究问题是：(跨)当地社会网络是如何形成的，由此产生的社会资本如何作为资源，在社会和文化多样化的二线城市集体适应洪水和海平面上升的情况下发挥作用？该项目旨在通过将社会资本也概念化为一种跨地区现象来回答这个问题，从而有助于克服在灾害和气候变化研究中对社会资本往往有限的“本土化”观点。在社会资本中加入跨地区视角，使我们不仅可以调查一个地点的社交网络(联系纽带)，还可以包括跨越更大地理范围的桥梁和联系纽带。在第一个资助期，TRANSOCAP将重点放在西爪哇的雅加达、中爪哇的德马克和肯达尔的塞马朗及邻近农村地区。我们现在打算将我们的研究范围扩大到印度尼西亚的其他岛屿，从而扩大到其他非常多样化的社会文化(和体制)背景。选定的研究区域是三个快速增长的二线城市：东爪哇的泗水、巴厘岛的登巴萨和西苏门答腊岛的巴东。这些城市研究区是根据它们所处的不同社会文化背景而选择的。TRANSOCAP II的基本假设是，选定的研究领域具有不同的社会结构(例如，以家庭为基础的系统与以邻里为基础的系统，以及定居与迁徙传统)，这有利于形成不同形式的社会资本(本地与跨地，以及联系与联系)。拟议的项目还旨在比第一个TRANSOCAP项目更详细地研究社交网络结构。TRANSOCAP II采用的是一种混合方法的社会科学方法，包括官方发展部门、定量住户调查、随后的网络分析和专家讲习班。

The proposed research project (TRANSOCAP II) shall study coastal communities in second-tier cities in Indonesia which due to their geographical exposition and their specific social contexts are highly vulnerable to seal level rise and coastal hazards. Social capital becomes a decisive resource for successful adaptation of local communities and households when governments and administrations lack the resources to adequately cope with natural disasters and environmental change. Our overarching hypothesis is that through networks of trust and mutual support, communities and individual households are able to organise access to loans, remittances, information, and know-how. These assets have the potential to become valuable resources for disaster recovery, community adaptation, and long-term responses to natural hazards. The main research question of this proposal is: How are (trans-) local social networks formed, and how does the resulting social capital function as a resource in collective adaptation of local communities in socially and culturally diverse second-tier cities against flooding and sea level rise? The project aims to answer this question by conceptualising social capital also as a translocal phenomenon and thus contributing to overcoming the often limited ‘localised’ view of social capital in hazard and climate change research. Adding a translocal perspective to social capital allows us to investigate not only social networks at one location (bonding ties), but to include bridging and linking ties that can extend over larger geographical scales. In the first funding period, TRANSOCAP has been focussing on Jakarta in West Java, and Semarang and adjacent rural areas in Demak and Kendal in Central Java. We now intend to expand our study areas to other Indonesian islands and thus to other and very diverse socio-cultural (and institutional) contexts. The chosen study areas are three fast growing second-tier cities: Surabaya in East Java, Denpasar on Bali, and Padang in West Sumatra. These urban study areas have been selected based on the different socio-cultural contexts they are located in. The underlying hypothesis of TRANSOCAP II is that the chosen study areas have different social structures (e.g. family-based systems vs. neighbourhood-based ones and sedentary vs. migratory traditions) which favour the formation of different forms of social capital (local vs. translocal and bonding vs. bridging and linking ties). The proposed project also aims at studying the structure of social networks in more detail than the first TRANSOCAP project. TRANSOCAP II follows a mixed-methods social science approach, consisting of FGDs, a quantitative household survey, a subsequent network analysis, and expert workshops.