WISE: Wave driven isentropic exchange

水蒸气和臭氧等痕量气体分布的变化以及对流层上部和平流层下部的薄卷云(UTLS)强烈影响辐射强迫。混合描述中的不确定性给辐射强迫的估计带来了很大的误差，因此对理解气候变化至关重要。因此，对支配UTLS组成的物理和化学过程(如气团交换、卷云形成)进行量化是非常重要的。高空温度为380K，直接影响热带外平流层的组成，夏季亚洲季风环流对平流层大气的贡献很大。破碎的行星波将季风空气输送到温带UTLS，在那里这些有助于水分和示踪剂的收支。热带外过渡层(ExTL)是UTLS的下界，它受到对流层顶双向(准等熵)混合的强烈影响。ExTL的上界与对流层顶逆温层(TIL)大致重合，TIL在对流层顶上方构成一个稳定度增强的区域。水蒸气和臭氧等辐射活性物质对温度结构的影响使TIL成为臭氧化学变化或对流层顶温度变化的敏感指示器，这些变化直接影响水蒸气，而水蒸气又反馈到静态稳定性。WISE将着重讨论UTLS的组成和动力学结构之间的关系，重点放在以下四个主要研究主题上：对流层顶逆温层和混合过程对痕量气体分布的相互关系；行星波破裂对水蒸气输送到热带外低平流层的作用；卤化物质在UTLS中对臭氧的作用；以及最低平流层亚视线卷云的发生和影响WISE将利用一种新型的有效载荷来满足这些目标，该载荷结合了对示踪剂和温度、滴状探测仪和高分辨率现场示踪气体测量的2D和3D测量。一种独特的LAPH和DEIR遥感仪器组合将被用于对UTLS地区光学和垂直薄卷云的创新研究。高精度的现场观测以高空间分辨率提供了有关混合过程和示踪物结构的详细信息。WISE将于9月和10月举行，从而直接衡量正在衰减的季风对温带UTLS的影响。基于拉格朗日和面向过程的模式，将量化来自不同源区的空气的相对贡献以及输送时间和混合过程。

Changes in the distributions of trace gases, like water vapor and ozone, and thin cirrus clouds in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) strongly impact radiative forcing. Uncertainties in the description of mixing introduce large errors to the estimates of the radiative forcing and are thus of key importance for understanding climate change. It is therefore of great importance to quantify the physical and chemical processes (e.g. exchange of air masses, cirrus formation) that govern the composition of the UTLS. The so-called overworld above = 380 K influences directly the composition of the extra-tropical stratosphere with significant contributions of air originating from the Asian monsoon circulation during summer. Breaking planetary waves transport monsoon air to the extratropical UTLS where these contribute to the moisture and tracer budget. The lower boundary of the UTLS, the extra-tropical transition layer (ExTL) is strongly affected by bidirectional (quasi-isentropic) mixing across the tropopause. The upper bound of the ExTL roughly coincides with the tropopause inversion layer (TIL), which constitutes a region of enhanced stability above the tropopause. The impact of radiatively active species like water vapour and ozone on the temperature structure makes the TIL a sensitive indicator for changes of ozone chemistry or changes of tropopause temperatures which directly affect water vapour which in turn feeds back into the static stability. WISE will address the relation between composition and dynamical structure of the UTLS by focusing on the following four main research topics:- Interrelation of the tropopause inversion layer (TIL) and mxing processes on the trace gas distribution- Role of Planetary wave breaking for water vapor transport into the extra-tropical lower stratosphere - Role of halogenated species for ozone in the UTLS- Occurrence and effects of sub-visual cirrus (SVC) in the lowermost stratosphereWISE will addres these objectives with a novel payload combining 2D and 3D measurements of tracers and temperature, drop sondes and highly resolved state-of-the-art in-situ trace gas measurements. A unique combination of limb and nadir remote sensing instruments will be used for innovative studies of optically and vertically thin cirrus clouds in the UTLS region. High-precision in-situ observations provide detailed information on mixing processes and tracer structure with high spatial resolution.WISE will take place in Spetember and October and thus directly measure the impact of the decaying monsoon on the extratropical UTLS. Based on Lagrangian and process oriented models the relative contribution of air from different source regions as well as well as transport times and mixing processes will be quantified.