WISE: Wave driven isentropic exchange

在对流层上部和平流层下部（UTLS）的痕量气体，如水蒸气和臭氧，薄卷云的分布的变化强烈影响辐射强迫。混合描述的不确定性会给辐射强迫的估计带来很大的误差，因此对理解气候变化至关重要。因此，量化控制UTLS组成的物理和化学过程（例如，气团交换，卷云形成）非常重要。所谓的overworld以上= 380 K直接影响的热带外平流层的组成与显着的贡献，空气来自亚洲季风环流在夏季。破碎的行星波将季风空气输送到热带外UTLS，这些都有助于水分和示踪剂预算。UTLS的下边界，热带外的过渡层（ExTL）的对流层顶的双向（准等熵）混合的强烈影响。ExTL的上限大致与对流层顶逆温层（TIL），这构成了一个区域的对流层顶上方的稳定性增强。像水蒸气和臭氧这样的辐射活性物质对温度结构的影响使TIL成为臭氧化学变化或对流层顶温度变化的敏感指标，这些变化直接影响水蒸气，而水蒸气反过来又反馈到静态稳定性中。WISE将通过关注以下四个主要研究主题来解决UTLS的组成和动力学结构之间的关系：- 对流层顶逆温层和混合过程对示踪气体分布的相互关系-行星波破碎对水汽输送到热带外低平流层的作用-UTLS中卤代物种对臭氧的作用-平流层最低层亚可见卷云的出现和影响WISE将通过结合二维和三维示踪剂和温度测量的新型有效载荷来实现这些目标，下落式探测器和高分辨率的最先进的现场痕量气体测量。将采用独特的临边和天底遥感仪器组合，对UTLS区域的光学和垂直薄卷云进行创新性研究。高精度的现场观测提供了关于混合过程和高空间分辨率的示踪剂结构的详细信息。WISE将在Speoln和10月进行，从而直接测量衰减的季风对热带外UTLS的影响。基于拉格朗日和面向过程的模式，来自不同来源区域的空气的相对贡献以及输送时间和混合过程将被量化。

Changes in the distributions of trace gases, like water vapor and ozone, and thin cirrus clouds in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) strongly impact radiative forcing. Uncertainties in the description of mixing introduce large errors to the estimates of the radiative forcing and are thus of key importance for understanding climate change. It is therefore of great importance to quantify the physical and chemical processes (e.g. exchange of air masses, cirrus formation) that govern the composition of the UTLS. The so-called overworld above = 380 K influences directly the composition of the extra-tropical stratosphere with significant contributions of air originating from the Asian monsoon circulation during summer. Breaking planetary waves transport monsoon air to the extratropical UTLS where these contribute to the moisture and tracer budget. The lower boundary of the UTLS, the extra-tropical transition layer (ExTL) is strongly affected by bidirectional (quasi-isentropic) mixing across the tropopause. The upper bound of the ExTL roughly coincides with the tropopause inversion layer (TIL), which constitutes a region of enhanced stability above the tropopause. The impact of radiatively active species like water vapour and ozone on the temperature structure makes the TIL a sensitive indicator for changes of ozone chemistry or changes of tropopause temperatures which directly affect water vapour which in turn feeds back into the static stability. WISE will address the relation between composition and dynamical structure of the UTLS by focusing on the following four main research topics:- Interrelation of the tropopause inversion layer (TIL) and mxing processes on the trace gas distribution- Role of Planetary wave breaking for water vapor transport into the extra-tropical lower stratosphere - Role of halogenated species for ozone in the UTLS- Occurrence and effects of sub-visual cirrus (SVC) in the lowermost stratosphereWISE will addres these objectives with a novel payload combining 2D and 3D measurements of tracers and temperature, drop sondes and highly resolved state-of-the-art in-situ trace gas measurements. A unique combination of limb and nadir remote sensing instruments will be used for innovative studies of optically and vertically thin cirrus clouds in the UTLS region. High-precision in-situ observations provide detailed information on mixing processes and tracer structure with high spatial resolution.WISE will take place in Spetember and October and thus directly measure the impact of the decaying monsoon on the extratropical UTLS. Based on Lagrangian and process oriented models the relative contribution of air from different source regions as well as well as transport times and mixing processes will be quantified.