Resistance as the ground of the experience of reality

抵抗作为现实体验的基础

• 批准号: 317664812
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Matthias Schloßberger
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Sozialphilosophie (Heisenbergstelle)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/317664812?language=en
• 关键词: Resistance; ground; experience; reality

Epistemology is often understood as an attempt to justify knowledge. But this attempt refers us back to a problem which precedes all questions of justification. Before knowledge can be justified, the object of knowledge needs to be experienced (be known). The hypothesis of this project is that this holds true also and especially of the experience of reality. One existing answer to the question of how we experience reality is: by means of the experience of the resistance of the world (i.e., both the mental and physical world). The aim of this project is to critically assess this answer, to elucidate its meaning not only for epistemology but also for practical and social philosophy, and ultimately to defend it. The project is divided into three parts:(a) The first part consists of a historical and systematic examination of the argument that the experience of reality grounds in the experience of resistance. I will first discuss Dilthey's and other early versions of this argument, focusing on the question why modern philosophy restricts the concept of reality to external world. Then I will critically examine the way in which the argument was further developed by Max Scheler. Here the focal point is Scheler's comprehensive attempt to make the phenomenon of resistance the foundation of epistemology(b) The next step of the project is no longer hermeneutical but only systematic. I address specifically the collective experience of reality. In other words, I bring together on the one hand the argument that the experience of reality grounds in the experience of resistance and on the other hand recent debates about the nature of collective experience.(c) Finally, I will reap the fruits from the previous two steps. I will try to show how we can apply the argument of resistance in social philosophy and psychopathology, for instance by interpreting certain collective experiences as phenomena of collective alienation.My project demonstrates that, although we can distinguish between questions of theoretical and of practical philosophy, we cannot effectively address these two kinds of questions separately.

认识论通常被理解为试图证明知识。但是，这种尝试使我们回到一个先于所有称义问题的问题。在知识可以被证明之前，知识的对象需要被经验（被知道）。这个项目的假设是，这也是真的，特别是对现实的经验。对于我们如何体验现实的问题，现有的一个答案是：通过对世界阻力的体验（即，精神世界和物质世界）。这个项目的目的是批判性地评估这个答案，阐明它不仅对认识论，而且对实践哲学和社会哲学的意义，并最终捍卫它。项目分为三个部分：（a）第一部分包括对现实经验基于抵抗经验这一论点的历史性和系统性考察。我将首先讨论狄尔泰和其他早期版本的这一论点，集中在为什么现代哲学限制了外部世界的现实概念的问题。然后，我将批判性地考察马克斯·舍勒进一步发展这一论证的方式。这里的焦点是舍勒的全面尝试，使抵抗现象的基础，认识论（B）的下一步项目不再是解释学，但只有系统。我特别谈到现实的集体经验。换句话说，我一方面把现实经验以抵抗经验为基础的论点，另一方面把最近关于集体经验的性质的争论结合起来。(c)最后，我将收获前两步的成果。我将试图展示我们如何在社会哲学和精神病理学中应用抵抗的论证，例如通过将某些集体经验解释为集体异化的现象。我的项目表明，尽管我们可以区分理论哲学和实践哲学的问题，但我们不能有效地分别解决这两种问题。