Where - Whither - Whence: Spatial interrogatives and their adverbial demonstrative equivalents in Europe and far beyond

本研究项目是第一次对空间疑问句及其等价的指示状语进行全面的跨语言研究，从而对空间语法和空间语言学做出了重大贡献。这项研究的重点是在全球464种语言的样本中，审问中的空间关系系统（与他们在状语指示语领域的系统相比）。特别关注空间疑问句的范例方面(where？到哪里?where ?)和空间状语指示词（there, there, then）。通过系统地比较上述三方范式的复杂程度和不匹配的发生（由Surrey形态学组定义），旨在建立空间类别PLACE， GOAL， SOURCE的相互关系。在空间疑问句的基础上获得的见解将与以往致力于陈述句空间关系的研究进行比较，特别是在状语指示语领域的研究（首次跨语言研究）。一个主要的任务是回答一个问题，即是否有可能根据一个基于一般原则的系统来描述空间疑问句。因此，该项目也是对疑问性调查的贡献-迄今为止空间类别在很大程度上被忽视的领域。作为一种有效的假设，不仅在空间疑问句中，而且在状语指示语中，都假定存在系统性。一方面，该项目调查了这种假定的系统性是否以及在多大程度上取决于句子的情态，另一方面，该项目试图确定空间疑问句系统和状语指示语系统在多大程度上受遗传、区域或类型因素的影响。定性和定量方法将被采用。本文将分析一个文学平行语料库。为了进一步分析的目的，将依赖于相关的描述性语言来源。其他数据是在问卷调查的基础上收集的。至于方法论和理论，该项目位于功能类型学的框架内-更具体地说，是在规范类型学的框架内。

This research project is the first comprehensive cross-linguistic investigation on spatial interrogatives and their adverbial demonstrative equivalents, which thus contributes substantially to the grammar of space and linguistics of space in general. The focus of the study is on the system of spatial relations under interrogation (in contrast to their system in the domain of adverbial demonstratives) in a global sample of 464 languages. Attention is paid particularly to the paradigmatic aspects of spatial interrogatives (where? whither? whence?) and spatial adverbial demonstratives (there, thither, thence). By way of comparing systematically both the degree of complexity and the occurrence of mismatches (as defined by the Surrey Morphology Group) in the above tripartite paradigms it is intended to establish the interrelations of the spatial categories PLACE, GOAL, SOURCE. The insights gained on the basis of spatial interrogatives will be compared to those of previous research dedicated to the spatial relations in declarative clauses in general and (studied crosslinguistically for the first time) in the domain of adverbial demonstratives in particular. A major task consists of answering the question whether it is possible to describe spatial interrogatives in terms of a system based on general principles. Therefore the project is also a contribution to the investigation of interrogativity - an area in which spatial categories hitherto have largely been neglected. As a working hypothesis it is assumed that there is systematicity, not only in the case of spatial interrogatives but also as to that of adverbial demonstratives. The project investigates, on the one hand, whether and in how far this assumed systematicity depends on sentence modality, on the other hand, the project attempts to determine to what extent spatial-interrogative-systems and those of adverbial demonstratives are subject to genetic, areal or typological factors. Qualitative as well as quantitative methods will be employed. A literary parallel corpus will be analysed. For the purpose of further analyses the relative descriptive-linguistic sources will be relied upon. Additional data are collected on the basis of a questionnaire. As to methodology and theory the project is situated within the framework of functional typology - more specifically within that of canonical typology.