Gender copy in comparative perspective

比较视角下的性别复制

• 批准号: 451922097
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Thomas Stolz
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Fach Linguistik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/451922097?language=en
• 关键词: Gender; copy; comparative; perspective

The project raises the issue whether the behaviour of grammatical gender in language-contact situations yields recurrent patterns so that it is possible to put forward generalizations and hypotheses. The subject matter is of interest to both the theory of language-contact studies and the typologically-oriented research program dedicated to the category of grammatical gender in general. In contrast to the majority of the previous investigations of grammatical gender under the conditions of language contact, the project approaches the phenomena according to the principles of language comparison, i.e. several binary language-contact situations and their effects on grammatical gender are compared to each other in order to identify similarities and dissimilarities across the sample. To determine whether the rules of the replica language or those of the donor language are decisive for the integration of loan words into the gender system of the former, thirty asymmetrical coterritorial long-term language-contact scenarios are compared which involve a prestigious major language (English, French, German, Italian, Russian) and a subordinated minor language (several Celtic languages, several Romani languages, Polabian, Curonian, Alsatian, Ket, Moldavian, North West Caucasian languages, North East Caucasian languages, Albanian, Greek, and Slavic varieties spoken in Italy). Both source languages and replica languages have (differently organized) gender systems. The leading question is to what extent these contact scenarios give evidence of gender copy. To check whether the findings are typical of asymmetrical contact situations, the integration of Indo-European loanwords into the binary gender system of Modern Hebrew is inquired into, too. Interesting questions connected to the project are: Does the different number of gender values in the donor language and the replica language play a role in the selection of a given gender for loan-word integration? Does it make a difference whether the systems in contact follow different principles of organization (i.e. purely semantic vs. mixed semantic-formal)? Is it of any relevance for loan-word integration if donor language and replica language differ on the parameter of the base of their gender systems (i.e. sex-based vs. non-sex-based)? The above case studies are complemented by a cross-linguistic stocktaking of mentions of grammatical gender in the process of loanword integration in the extant descriptive linguistic literature. The methodology is predominantly qualitative. The perspective is mixed synchronic and diachronic. All empirical findings will be made freely accessible to the interested public in an online database. The project is the first of its kind. The results are interesting to scholars who work on grammatical gender, language contact, language change, loan-word typology, and related topics.

该项目提出的问题是否语法性别的行为在语言接触的情况下产生经常性的模式，以便有可能提出概括和假设。这一主题对语言接触研究理论和致力于语法性别范畴的类型学研究计划都很感兴趣。与以往大多数在语言接触条件下对语法性别的研究不同，该项目根据语言比较的原则来处理这一现象，即将几种二元语言接触情况及其对语法性别的影响进行比较，以确定样本中的相似性和差异性。为了确定是复制语言的规则还是捐赠语言的规则决定了外来词融入复制语言的性别系统，我们比较了30个不对称的同地域长期语言接触情景，这些情景涉及一种有声望的主要语言（英语、法语、德语、意大利语、俄语）和一门从属的小语种（几种凯尔特语言，几种罗姆语言，波兰语，库尔尼亚语，阿尔萨斯语，凯特语，摩尔达维亚语，西北高加索语言，东北高加索语言，阿尔巴尼亚语，希腊语和意大利的斯拉夫语）。源语言和复制语言都有（不同组织的）性别系统。主要的问题是，这些接触场景在多大程度上提供了性别复制的证据。为了检验这些发现是否是典型的不对称接触情况，印欧语借词融入现代希伯来语的二元性别系统进行了探讨。与该项目相关的有趣问题是：捐赠语言和复制语言中不同数量的性别价值观是否在选择特定性别进行外来词整合方面发挥作用？联系中的系统是否遵循不同的组织原则（即纯语义与混合语义形式），这有什么区别吗？如果捐赠语言和复制语言的性别系统的基础参数不同（即基于性别与非基于性别），这是否与外来词整合有关？在上述案例研究的基础上，对现存描述性语言学文献中外来词整合过程中的语法性别进行了跨语言盘点。方法主要是定性的。这一视角是共时性和历时性的混合。所有实证研究结果都将通过在线数据库免费提供给感兴趣的公众。该项目是同类项目中的第一个。研究结果对研究语法性别、语言接触、语言变化、外来词类型学和相关主题的学者来说很有趣。