New physics from lattice simulations of strongly interacting gauge theories

最近发现的希格斯粒子完成了对粒子标准模型组成部分的搜索。这一理论的理论预测已得到证实，精度非常高。然而，标准模型存在着众所周知的局限性，比如天文观测中对暗物质的缺失解释，以及与希格斯粒子基本力和大量子修正的统一有关的概念性问题。有几个理论上的考虑旨在绕过这些缺点，并达到标准模型的一致扩展。本项目考虑对标准模型进行一致扩展的问题。主要目标将是强相互作用的超对称理论和技术色彩理论。这些理论必然与标准模型--量子色动力学中的强相互作用有很大的不同，其中最有趣的候选理论之一就是在伴随表象中含有费米子的理论。这些研究将基于数值格子模拟，并将集中在只能用这种非微扰方法回答的主要问题上：束缚态粒子的光谱、相变和近共形行为的信号。将使用已经在量子色动力学中成功应用的新的数值方法。这些结果将提供重要的预测，如可能的新的未被发现的粒子。新的强相互作用理论的研究也为标准模型中的强相互作用提供了新的视角。它们是解析理解量子色动力学的理论方法的起点。格子模拟将显示这些方法的有效性范围。该项目还将研究如何在数值模拟中实现超对称性。它可以作为进一步研究的起点：可以研究强相互作用暗物质的性质，或者标准模型粒子与费米子和胶子的奇异束缚态的耦合。关于ADS/CFT对应关系研究的进一步扩展可能来自超对称理论的晶格模拟。

The recent discovery of the Higgs particle has completed the search for the components of the standard model of particles. The theoretical predictions of this theory have been confirmed with a remarkably good precision. Nevertheless there are well-known limitations of the standard model like the missing explanation for the dark matter found in astronomical observations and conceptual problems related to the unification of the fundamental forces and the large quantum corrections of the Higgs particle. There are several theoretical considerations that aim to circumvent these shortcomings and to arrive at a consistent extension of the standard model. This project considers the question for a consistent extension of the standard model. The main objective will be strongly interacting supersymmetric theories and technicolour theories. These theories must be significantly different from the strong interactions in the standard model, the quantum chromodynamics, and one of the most interesting candidates for the investigations are theories with fermions in the adjoint representation. The investigations will be based on the numerical lattice simulations and will be focussed on the main questions that can only be answered by this non-perturbative method: the spectrum of bound state particles, the phase transitions, and signals for a near conformal behaviour. New numerical methods that have already been successfully applied in quantum chromodynamics will be used. The results will provide important predictions such as possible new undiscovered particles. The investigation of new strongly interacting theories provides also a new perspective on the strong interactions in the standard model. They are the starting point of theoretical approaches for an analytic understanding of quantum chromodynamics. The lattice simulations will show the range of validity of these approaches. The project will also investigate how supersymmetry can be realised in the numerical simulations. It can be the starting point for a number of further investigations: the properties of strongly interacting dark matter or the coupling of standard model particles to exotic bound states of fermions and gluons might be investigated. Further extensions regarding the investigations of the AdS/CFT correspondence might follow from the lattice simulations of the supersymmetric theories.