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From Polygraph to Brain Scan: On the Ongoing Appeal and Socio-technical (Re-)Configuration of Lie Detection

从测谎仪到脑部扫描：关于测谎的持续吸引力和社会技术（重新）配置

基本信息

批准号：
320725678
负责人：
Professor Dr. Torsten Voigt
金额：
--
依托单位：
Institut für Soziologie
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2015-12-31 至 2019-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/320725678?language=en
关键词：
Polygraph Brain Scan Ongoing Appeal

项目摘要

The verification a person's statements to gain knowledge about what she or he has said or done is both a historical and a contemporary societal demand. Scientific-technological procedures which meet these desires are commonly referred to as lie detection. The most prominent artefact in this context is the polygraph, which was developed in the 1920s and promised a new quality of lie detection. The validity of the polygraph and similar procedures was continuously challenged but despite this ongoing critique, its use in Germany was never entirely abandoned. Currently, some commentators even postulate their renaissance. This impression is being confirmed by the latest emergence of brain image-based methods of lie detection. Especially in forensic discourses, they are seen as highly potential as they promise to enable a more valid detection of deception because of their neuroscientific based procedures. These claims initiated a new debate about the reliability of lie detection in the context of criminal and civil trials. Regardless of the undeniable societal relevance and importance of this topic, there are no empirical studies for the German context that analyze in which societal realms lie detection practices are actually conducted, in which concrete contexts of actions they are being executed and which expectations and promises are connected to their use. To date, no systematic, sociological analysis of lie detection and its usage in different contexts in Germany exits which is especially true for its sociotechnical contextualisation. This project will provide the first comprehensive overview and analysis of lie detection practices in Germany. It will reconstruct the history of lie detection and its contemporary areas of application in Germany. Furthermore, embedded in the research programme of technography, the project aims at studying which specific expectations are associated with these devices in the different contexts of application and what role the used instruments play concerning their technological-material peculiarity. Finally, the project will analyse which reciprocity between the old polygraphic procedures and the new brain image-based technologies of lie detection can be found, in what ways both legitimate or discredit each other, to be able to reveal current and emerging developments. In general, the project contributes to the analysis of biotechnological innovations und the referring societal implications and to the empirical reconstruction of sociotechnical contexts of interaction.

核实一个人的陈述，以获得关于她或他所说或所做的事情的知识，既是历史的，也是当代的社会需求。满足这些愿望的科学技术程序通常被称为测谎。在这种情况下，最突出的人工制品是测谎仪，它是在20世纪20年代发展起来的，承诺了测谎的新质量。测谎仪和类似程序的有效性不断受到质疑，但尽管批评不断，它在德国的使用从未完全放弃。目前，一些评论家甚至认为它们正在复兴。最近出现的基于大脑图像的测谎方法证实了这种印象。特别是在法医话语中，它们被视为具有很高的潜力，因为它们承诺能够更有效地检测欺骗，因为它们基于神经科学的程序。这些说法引发了一场关于在刑事和民事审判中测谎可靠性的新辩论。尽管这个话题具有不可否认的社会相关性和重要性，但没有针对德国背景的实证研究来分析在哪些社会领域中实际进行了测谎实践，在哪些具体的行动背景下执行测谎实践，以及哪些期望和承诺与测谎实践的使用有关。迄今为止，没有对测谎及其在德国不同背景下的使用进行系统的社会学分析，特别是对其社会技术语境化而言。该项目将首次全面概述和分析德国的测谎实践。它将重建测谎的历史和它的当代应用领域在德国。此外，作为技术研究方案的一部分，该项目旨在研究在不同的应用环境中与这些设备有关的具体期望，以及所使用的仪器在其技术材料特性方面发挥的作用。最后，该项目将分析旧的测谎程序和新的基于大脑图像的测谎技术之间的互惠关系，以何种方式相互认可或诋毁，从而能够揭示当前和新兴的发展。总的来说，该项目有助于分析生物技术创新和相关的社会影响，以及对相互作用的社会技术背景的经验重建。