Policies of expropriation:Political Power and Property in the Sovjet Zone of Occupation (1945-1952)

征用政策：苏联占领区的政治权力和财产（1945-1952）

• 批准号: 321844628
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Thomas Großbölting
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Professur für Neuere Geschichte / Zeitgeschichte
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/321844628?language=en
• 关键词: Policies; expropriation; Political; Power; Property

Property rights are a basic element of power structure in society. So, radical transformation of political power very often goes hand in hand with massive changes of the ownership structure. Up to now, historians of the 20th century did not pay much attention to this connection between property, property rights and political power. Looking to the Soviet Occupied Zone (SOZ), the expropriation of private industrial ownership was a central tool to establish the dictatorship of the Socialist Unity Party. Between 1946 and 1948, 9300 industrial companies, small and medium sized enterprises and handicraft businesses were dispossessed. The conversion of the former private property in a public property did not stop till to the 1950s.This process of expropriation was a central component on the Communist way to gain, to establish and to reinforce their dictatorship. Following Ulrich Herbert, it was the very special alliance of socialism and antifascism that stimulated and legitimized both the political turning away from National Socialism and the long lasting establishment of the SED-dictatorship.Our project will analyze preconditions and circumstances, the reasons, means, aims and consequences of the expropriation process in the SBO. We will investigate these questions on the basis of empirical sources for the three provinces Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Brandenburg. We extend our research from the beginning of the occupation period immediately at the end of the Second World War to the foundation of the German Democratic Republic.Which factories were dispossessed for what reasons? How were the expropriation measures implemented and established on a political and a bureaucratic level? How was the takeover of property - from sequestered property over fiduciary administration to public own factories - organized and legitimized? Finally, we will research the wide range of different forms of protest against these policies and the very different reactions of former proprietors affected by these policies. For this analysis, we will peruse a wide range of different archival sources, starting from the files of the central government to the archival sources of private industries, small and medium companies and handcraft workshops.

产权是社会权力结构的基本要素。因此，政治权力的激进转变往往伴随着所有权结构的巨大变化。到目前为止，20世纪的历史学家对财产、财产权和政治权力之间的这种联系并没有给予太多的关注。​1946年至1948年间，9300家工业公司、中小企业和手工业企业被剥夺了财产。直到20世纪50年代，以前的私有财产向公共财产的转变才停止。在乌尔里希·赫伯特（Ulrich Herbert）之后，正是社会主义和反法西斯主义的非常特殊的联盟，刺激了对国家社会主义的政治转向，并使之合法化，并使之长期建立了经济与社会主义专政。我们的项目将分析SBO征用过程的前提条件和环境、原因、手段、目的和后果。我们将在萨克森、萨克森-安哈尔特和勃兰登堡州三个省的实证资料的基础上调查这些问题。我们的研究从第二次世界大战刚结束时占领时期的开始一直延伸到德意志民主共和国的建立。哪些工厂因什么原因被没收？征用措施是如何在政治和官僚层面上实施和确立的？财产的接管——从信托管理下的扣押财产到公有工厂——是如何组织和合法化的？最后，我们将研究针对这些政策的各种不同形式的抗议，以及受这些政策影响的前业主的截然不同的反应。在这个分析中，我们将仔细阅读各种不同的档案来源，从中央政府的档案到私营企业、中小企业和手工作坊的档案来源。