Policies of expropriation:Political Power and Property in the Sovjet Zone of Occupation (1945-1952)

产权是社会权力结构的基本要素。因此，政治权力的根本性变革往往伴随着所有制结构的大规模变化。到目前为止，20世纪的历史学家还没有对财产、财产权和政治权力之间的这种联系给予太多关注。看看苏维埃占领区(SOZ)，没收私人工业所有权是建立社会主义统一党独裁政权的核心工具。1946至1948年间，有9300家工业公司、中小企业和手工业企业被剥离。过去的私有财产转变为公有财产的过程直到20世纪50年代才停止。这一征用过程是共产党获得、建立和加强其独裁统治的核心组成部分。在乌尔里希·赫伯特之后，正是非常特殊的社会主义和反法西斯主义的联盟刺激和合法化了政治上背离国家社会主义和长期建立SED独裁政权。我们的项目将分析SBO中征用过程的前提条件和情况，原因、手段、目标和后果。我们将根据萨克森、萨克森-安哈尔特和勃兰登堡三个省的经验来源来调查这些问题。我们把我们的研究从第二次世界大战结束时占领时期的开始延伸到德意志民主共和国的建立。哪些工厂因为什么原因被剥夺了？征用措施是如何在政治和官僚层面上实施和确立的？财产接管是如何组织和合法化的--从隔离财产到信托管理，再到公共拥有的工厂？最后，我们将研究针对这些政策的不同抗议形式的广泛范围，以及受这些政策影响的前东主的截然不同的反应。为了进行分析，我们将仔细研究各种不同的档案来源，从中央政府的档案开始，到私营行业、中小型公司和手工作坊的档案来源。

Property rights are a basic element of power structure in society. So, radical transformation of political power very often goes hand in hand with massive changes of the ownership structure. Up to now, historians of the 20th century did not pay much attention to this connection between property, property rights and political power. Looking to the Soviet Occupied Zone (SOZ), the expropriation of private industrial ownership was a central tool to establish the dictatorship of the Socialist Unity Party. Between 1946 and 1948, 9300 industrial companies, small and medium sized enterprises and handicraft businesses were dispossessed. The conversion of the former private property in a public property did not stop till to the 1950s.This process of expropriation was a central component on the Communist way to gain, to establish and to reinforce their dictatorship. Following Ulrich Herbert, it was the very special alliance of socialism and antifascism that stimulated and legitimized both the political turning away from National Socialism and the long lasting establishment of the SED-dictatorship.Our project will analyze preconditions and circumstances, the reasons, means, aims and consequences of the expropriation process in the SBO. We will investigate these questions on the basis of empirical sources for the three provinces Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Brandenburg. We extend our research from the beginning of the occupation period immediately at the end of the Second World War to the foundation of the German Democratic Republic.Which factories were dispossessed for what reasons? How were the expropriation measures implemented and established on a political and a bureaucratic level? How was the takeover of property - from sequestered property over fiduciary administration to public own factories - organized and legitimized? Finally, we will research the wide range of different forms of protest against these policies and the very different reactions of former proprietors affected by these policies. For this analysis, we will peruse a wide range of different archival sources, starting from the files of the central government to the archival sources of private industries, small and medium companies and handcraft workshops.