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Collective Attitude Formation

集体态度的形成

基本信息

批准号：
322895046
负责人：
Professor Dr. Olivier Roy
金额：
--
依托单位：
Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2016-12-31 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/322895046?language=en
关键词：
Collective Attitude Formation

项目摘要

The project aims at bridging the gap between the two main paradigms in formal philosophy and economics on the formation of collective attitudes: the deliberative and the aggregative views. Preferences and beliefs are routinely attributed to groups. A jury can believe the accused to be guilty, and a professional board can officially voice its disapproval of certain practices by its members. On the deliberative view, group attitudes stem from a consensus reached after a structured exchange of opinions. On the aggregative view, group attitudes are formed by putting together the possibly diverging views of individuals, through a formal voting procedure for instance.Deliberation and aggregation are two stages in the process of collective attitude formation. We cannot deliberate endlessly. When disagreements persist, aggregating, e.g. by voting, might be the only way to arrive at a group opinion. So deliberation and aggregation are not competing, but complementary approaches. Up to now, however, they have mostly been studied separately. This is an important limitation, at many authors have defended the view that deliberation and aggregation can enhance each other: Deliberation can help aggregation, for instance by preventing preference cycles. And aggregation can take heed of the fact that, for instance, an opinion cluster can form through deliberation.The goal of the project is to understand how, and when, deliberation and aggregation can be conjoined in order to arrive at better processes of collective attitude formation. We will study how deliberation can be better geared towards aggregation, and how to enrich current models of belief and preference aggregation to make them more amenable to the results of deliberation.There is currently an extraordinarily high concentration of leading scholars working in France and Germany on aggregation and deliberation. By bringing them together, the project will seize this unique opportunity of bridging the two research communities. This will involve three main tasks combining researchers from both countries. The first two tasks will be devoted to deliberation and aggregation respectively, and the third task will be to synthesize the findings of the first two, from a philosophical perspective and with respect to applications.

该项目旨在弥合形式哲学和经济学中关于集体态度形成的两个主要范式之间的差距：审议意见和集体意见。偏好和信念通常被归因于群体。陪审团可以相信被告有罪，专业委员会可以正式表达对其成员某些做法的反对。就审议观点而言，群体态度源于在有组织地交换意见后达成的共识。在集合观上，群体态度是通过一个正式的投票程序，将个体可能存在的不同观点集合在一起形成的。分离和聚合是集体态度形成过程中的两个阶段。我们不能无休止地深思熟虑。当分歧持续存在时，聚集在一起，例如通过投票，可能是达成集体意见的唯一途径。因此，深思熟虑和聚合不是相互竞争的，而是互补的方法。然而，到目前为止，对它们的研究大多是分开进行的。这是一个重要的局限性，因为许多作者为审议和汇总可以相互促进的观点辩护：审议可以帮助汇总，例如通过防止偏好循环。该项目的目标是了解如何以及何时可以将审议和聚合结合在一起，以达到更好的集体态度形成过程。我们将研究如何使审议更好地适应聚合，以及如何丰富现有的信念和偏好聚合模型，使其更容易服从审议的结果。目前，法国和德国的领先学者在聚合和审议方面的工作非常集中。通过将它们结合在一起，该项目将抓住这一弥合两个研究界的独特机会。这将涉及结合两国研究人员的三项主要任务。前两个任务将分别用于审议和汇总，第三个任务将从哲学角度和应用方面综合前两个任务的结果。