The subject clitics of Chipaya: A pragmatic approach

Chipaya 的主题词：一种务实的方法

• 批准号: 370858026
• 负责人: Dr. Katja Hannß
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-31 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/370858026?language=en
• 关键词: subject; clitics; Chipaya; pragmatic; approach

The proposed project will be concerned with the pragmatic and syntactic distribution of the Chipaya subject clitics. Chipaya is a language isolate of Bolivia, spoken only by approximately 1,800 speakers. The Chipaya subject clitics are special clitics and not obligatory. Chipaya has two types of clitic constructions: (1) clitic doubling in which the subject clitic occurs with a co-referential subject noun or pronoun; (2) single clitics without a co-referential subject noun or pronoun. The applicant distinguishes between lexical and anaphoric doubling: in lexical doubling, the doubled subject is represented by a lexical noun phrase, while in anaphoric doubling, the subject is a pronoun. Clitic doubling with first and second person subject referents is anaphoric. Third person subject referents are expressed by either a noun or a pronoun. Here, one has to distinguish between lexical and anaphoric doubling. In Chipaya, a subject referent (other than a first person singular and plural exclusive) is cross-referenced on the verb only in some tenses. A single clitic may thus be the only means to index the subject referent. The syntactic behaviour of the Chipaya subject clitics is unclear. Cerrón-Palomino (2006: 172-175) suggests analysing the Chipaya subject clitics as 'floating' and 'focalising' their host. The author also states that the subject clitics can attach to the subject pronoun. In contrast, the applicant finds that the subject clitics appear to have -at least partly- fixed positions. Moreover, the subject clitics of a first and second person never follow the subject pronoun. In general, the pragmatic and syntactic use of the Chipaya subject clitics is not well understood. Accordingly, it is the aim of the proposed study to investigate the pragmatic and syntactic distribution of the Chipaya subject clitics in detail. It is hypothesised that the pragmatic distribution of the Chipaya subject clitics relates to activation and identifiability of the subject referent. With respect to the syntactic distribution, the applicant suggests that the Chipaya subject clitics follow the negation particle in negative clauses. In non-negative clauses, the subject clitics of a first and second person attach to the object argument as a default, while the subject clitics of a third person follow the subject argument. These hypotheses are to be tested in the proposed project. The pragmatic distribution will be investigated with reference to the terms of 'activation' and 'identifiability', employing the factor of '[r]eferential distance'. Brand-new subject referents will be examined with respect to definiteness and specificity. The applicant will investigate whether the Chipaya subject clitics occur preferably in those tenses that do not cross-reference a subject other than a first person singular and plural exclusive on the verb. The investigation of the syntactic distribution will consider the clitic construction itself, the host and the sentence type.

本研究将探讨奇帕亚语主语的语用和句法分布。奇帕亚语是一种孤立于玻利维亚的语言，只有大约1,800人使用。 Chipaya主题clitics是特殊的clitics，而不是强制性的。Chipaya有两种类型的附着结构：（1）附着双重，其中主语附着与共指主语名词或代词发生;（2）单附着没有共指主语名词或代词。申请人区分了词汇重叠和照应重叠：在词汇重叠中，重叠的主语由词汇名词短语表示，而在照应重叠中，主语是代词。与第一人称和第二人称主语所指的重叠是回指。第三人称主语可以用名词或代词来表示。在这里，我们必须区分词汇和照应重叠。在Chipaya中，主语所指（除了第一人称单数和复数排他性）仅在某些时态中与动词交叉引用。因此，一个单一的附着词可能是唯一的手段，索引的主题所指。 Chipaya主语的句法行为尚不清楚。Cerrón-Palomino（2006：172-175）建议将Chipaya的气候分析为“浮动”和“聚焦”的宿主。作者还指出，主语附语可以附加在主语代词上。相比之下，申请人发现，主题clitics似乎具有至少部分固定的位置。此外，第一人称和第二人称的主语绝不会跟在主语代词后面。一般来说，Chipaya主语clitics的语用和句法使用还没有得到很好的理解。因此，本研究的目的是详细考察奇帕亚语主语的语用和句法分布。本文认为，奇帕亚语主语的语用分布与主语所指的激活和可识别性有关。在句法分布方面，申请人认为，在否定分句中，Chipaya主语附着词位于否定助词之后。在非否定句中，第一人称和第二人称的主语附在宾语论元上作为缺省，而第三人称的主语附在主语论元之后。这些假设将在拟议项目中得到检验。语用分布将参照“激活”和“可识别性”的术语，采用“[r]参考距离”的因素进行研究。全新的主题所指将在确定性和特异性方面进行检查。申请人将调查是否Chipaya主题clitics出现在这些时态，不交叉引用一个主题以外的第一人称单数和复数的动词排他性。句法分布的考察将从附着结构本身、宿主和句式三个方面进行。