Spray introduction into FSP by means of electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA) of organic and aqueous precursor solutions

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The large-scale utilization of Flame Spray Pyrolysis (FSP) is impeded by the need for solvent and precursors, which are often costly and complex. Therefore, the field of FSP applications could largely be extended by employing aqueous and organic salt solutions. First results indicate that even simple solvent can deliver homogeneous nanoparticles in FSP without the need for explosion enhancing additives. Such small droplets can, in principle, be achieved by pneumatic atomization although requiring large amounts of nebulizing gas. In this respect, Electrohydrodynamic Atomization (EHDA or electrospray) is an interesting alternative, which can deliver monodisperse droplets with sizes ranging from a few microns up to several hundred microns and working nearly unpressurized. The transport of the electrically charged precursor droplets from the electrospray nozzle to the grounded flame occurs due to electrostatic forces so that the use of dispersion gas can completely be omitted. As a consequence of the decoupling of flame and spray processes a large flexibility exists for the arrangement and the number of electrospray nozzles strongly simplifying the scale-up and the synthesis of multi component materials.