ケニアにおける携帯電話による送金普及の政治経済学的考察：日本のＯＤＡへの示唆

这项研究的主要发现是，移动的电话货币兑换技术通过促进中小企业和创造扩大的民主空间，正在帮助人们摆脱贫困。用于本研究的M-Pesa采用者的证词显示，收入来源急剧扩大。M-Pesa促进了家庭一级的本土经济增长，并为没有银行服务的穷人提供了纳入正规金融服务的途径。这一赋权模式不仅侧重于使穷人能够积累储蓄以应对意外开支，而且还侧重于通过与银行机构建立信誉以获得小额贷款来扩大他们的创业活动。这对于制定鼓励创业的政策和有效管理创业活动供资作为减贫措施是必要的。这项研究声称，肯尼亚国家建设的古老格言“Harambee”抑制了一个可以促进机构层面和基层分配的框架。最后，这项研究从最初的范围扩大到包括ICT产生的新兴趋势，即数字民主。通过数字平台，其中大部分源于M-Pesa的成功，移动的手机正在成为非洲农村政治参与的重要工具，特别是作为争夺和主张政治权利的平台。

The primary finding of this research was that mobile phone money exchange technology is helping lift people out of poverty by promoting small and medium enterprises and creating expanded democratic spaces. Testimonials from M-Pesa adopters that were used for this study revealed a radical expansion of sources of income. M-Pesa has fostered homegrown economic growth at the household level, and provided paths for inclusion into formal financial services to the poor, who are without banking services. This mode of empowerment is not merely focused on enabling the poor to accumulate savings to cushion against unexpected expenses, rather an expansion of their entrepreneurial activities through building credibility with the banking institutions to access small scale loans.This study carried out an exposition of a cultural framework of the poor as well, which is necessary for designing policy that would encourage entrepreneurship and an effective administration of funding entrepreneurial activities as measures for poverty mitigation. This research claimed that the old adage of nation building in Kenya called Harambee inhibits a framework that can facilitate distribution at the institutional level as well as at the grassroots.Finally, this study expanded from its original scope to encompass newly emerging trends produced by ICT, namely digital democracy. Through digital platforms, most of which sprout out of M-Pesa success, mobile phones are becoming essential tools for political participation in rural Africa, especially as platforms for contesting and claiming political rights.