Settlement patterns, contacts and networks. A diachronic study of the stoneage in the alpine region, a case study from the Allgäu (Forealps and Alps)

对聚落历史以及商品和思想的分配和传播网络的研究是史前和史前的基本问题之一。对选定地区内的此类网络的历时研究以及地区之间的共时研究和比较有助于洞察社会行为和冲突解决方式的变异性和差异，以及社会群体内部和社会群体之间的差异，或由环境影响引发的。研究区域被简短地标记为Allgäu。它的范围从西部的康斯坦茨湖，到东部的莱赫河，从南部的高山山脉到北部有上冰山的阿尔卑斯山高地。这一地区的特点是有几个有利于景观考古研究项目的条件：-景观多样化，特别是由于不同的海拔地带，迫使在不同地区采取不同的行动战略-从旧石器时代到新石器时代，甚至金属时代，发现的考古遗址数量相对较多，即使它们主要是地面发现的，与调查条件恶劣的永久草原的实际土地使用有关，但是，由于我们的项目工作组与发现的私人发现者和私人所有者保持着良好的联系--对所使用的石质原料及其出处的第一次但不充分的洞察，以及关于其在焦点时间片的出处的第一次引用，可以列出项目工作所在的理想状态(也适用于邻近地区)：-目前，缺乏对石质库存的定量研究--缺少使用自然科学方法分析的相关数量的石质材料出处的样本--不存在对表征的景观内的聚落和活动模式的重建。这可以依靠无处不在的石器文物来实现。-缺少一个科学的研究框架，提出不同模式的模式和不同模式的概率，以比较跨阿尔卑斯山地区史前社会中流动和定居部分内的资源沟通和交换。

Research on settlement history and distribution and communication networks of commodities and ideas is one of the basic issues of pre and protohistory.The diachronic researcha of such networks within selected regions as well as synchronic studies and comparisons between regions offer insight into the variability and differences in social behavior and conflict resolutions within and between social groups or triggered by environmental influences. The study area is shortly labeled Allgäu. It ranges from the lake Constanz in the west, to the river Lech in the east and from the high alpines in the south to the Alpine upland with its upper moraines in the north. This area is characterized by several conditions favorable for a research project dedicated to landscape archaeology: - the landscape is diversified, especially due to the different altitudinal belts which enforced the variability of strategies to act within the different zones- a comparatively high number of detected archaeological sites from Palaeolithic to the Neolithic and even Metall ages, even if they consist mainly of surface finds, related to the actual land use as permanent grassland with bad survey conditions, but with good contacts of our project working group to the private finders and private owners of the finds - the given first but not sufficient insights into the used lithic rawmaterials and first references on their provenience for the time slices in focusAs desideratum (also valid for neighboring regions), which the projects works on, can be listed: - At the moment, quantitative research on lithic inventories is missing- a relevant number of analyzed samples using natural scientific methods of the provenience of the lithic materials is missing- a reconstruction of the settlement and activity patterns within the characterized landscapes is not existing. This could be realized relying on the omnipresent lithic artefacts. - a scientific framework of research is missing which proposes models and probabilities of different models in comparison for communication and exchange of resources within mobile and sedentary parts of prehistoric societies within transalpine regions.