Reproduction in a changing world: how do rising temperatures affect reproductive capacity?

不断变化的世界中的繁殖：气温升高如何影响繁殖能力？

• 批准号: 386851856
• 负责人: Dr. Claudia Fricke
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Professur für Tierökologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/386851856?language=en
• 关键词: Reproduction; changing; world; how; do

Climate change poses a major threat to biodiversity and we are just beginning to see the first signs of its impact on species distribution, persistence and phenology. In ectotherms behaviour, physiology and distribution of species are profoundly affected by temperature and this group of animals is expected to be particularly vulnerable to rising temperatures. While ecological and phenological consequences of rising temperatures have been studied, have we largely failed to investigate the impact on reproduction. It is well known that particularly male fertility can be severely affected by temperature, however the ecological and evolutionary consequences of this temperature induced sterility have rarely been considered. Often though male fertility is disproportionately affected and sterility occurs at temperatures below those impairing somatic function in animals. Thus individuals can suffer from impaired reproduction before they are physically affected by high temperatures. With this research program I want to rectify this important gap in our knowledge and investigate a) how species adapted to different environments differ in their sensitivity of temperature-induced infertility; b) what are the underlying molecular mechanisms of this temperature-induced infertility; c) are males and females similarly affected and d) whether this sensitivity can evolve such that males can maintain fertility even under rising temperatures. I will achieve these goals by performing experiments using three Drosophila species measuring male and female reproductive success at different temperatures. I will combine phenotypic assays of male fertilisation success at different temperatures with a proteomics approach to elucidate the underlying molecular basis. I will further conduct an experimental evolution study exposing Drosophila melanogaster to different thermal regimes and measure the resulting phenotypic and genetic changes. This research program will provide an estimate of temperature dependent changes in male and female fecundity and investigate the phenotypic expression and genetic basis of this phenomenon. Estimating potential impairments in male and female fecundity is vital for a better understanding of long-term effects on individual fitness and at the population level. These data will not only inform us of the vulnerability of a basic biological process to rising temperatures but also whether temperature dependent reduction in male fertility might threaten species persistence.

气候变化对生物多样性构成重大威胁，我们刚刚开始看到其对物种分布、持久性和物候影响的初步迹象。在外温动物中，物种的行为、生理和分布受到温度的深刻影响，预计这类动物特别容易受到温度上升的影响。虽然人们已经研究了气温上升的生态和物候后果，但我们在很大程度上没有调查对繁殖的影响。众所周知，特别是男性的生育能力可以受到温度的严重影响，但这种温度诱导的不育性的生态和进化后果很少被考虑。然而，雄性的生育能力往往受到不成比例的影响，不育发生在低于损害动物体功能的温度下。因此，个体在受到高温的身体影响之前，可能会遭受生殖功能受损。通过这项研究计划，我想弥补我们知识中的这一重要空白，并调查a）适应不同环境的物种如何在温度诱导的不育敏感性方面有所不同; B）这种温度诱导的不育的潜在分子机制是什么; c）男性和女性受到类似的影响，以及d）这种敏感性是否可以进化，即使在温度升高的情况下，男性也可以保持生育能力。我将通过使用三种果蝇在不同温度下测量雄性和雌性繁殖成功率来实现这些目标。我将结合联合收割机的表型测定男性受精成功在不同的温度与蛋白质组学的方法来阐明潜在的分子基础。我将进一步进行一项实验性进化研究，将果蝇暴露在不同的热环境中，并测量由此产生的表型和遗传变化。这项研究计划将提供一个估计的温度依赖性变化的男性和女性的繁殖力和调查的表型表达和遗传基础，这一现象。估计男性和女性生殖力的潜在损害是至关重要的，以更好地了解长期影响个人健身和人口水平。这些数据不仅将告诉我们一个基本的生物过程对温度上升的脆弱性，而且还将告诉我们，温度依赖性的雄性生育力下降是否会威胁到物种的持久性。