Forms of precarious Employment and self-rated health in Germany

自1990年代以来，德国不稳定就业的相关性有所增加。就公共卫生而言，不稳定的就业已成为健康的一个相关社会决定因素。尽管对健康与不稳定就业之间的关系进行了一些研究，但在德国，对自测健康与不同形式的不稳定就业之间的关系仍然缺乏系统的研究和理解。在不平等日益加剧的时代，这项研究是必不可少的，其目的是根据理论基础研究自测健康与不稳定就业之间的关系，以及从横截面和纵向角度研究促成这种关系的中介因素。以下研究问题将被解决：1）目前在德国，自我评估的健康和不稳定的就业之间的关联是什么？这种关联是如何随着时间的推移而发展的？2)从纵向角度看，自测健康和不稳定就业之间的因果关系是什么？3)在解释工作贫穷与健康之间的关系时，与工作有关的因素（身体和心理社会）和与工作无关的因素（物质、心理社会、行为）有何相关性？4)出勤率和不稳定的工作之间有什么联系？5)就业史上不同的不稳定就业过程与自我评估的健康状况有何关系？分析基于1994-2014年社会经济小组和2011/12年BIBB/BAuA就业调查。这两个数据来源都提供了关于健康、在业贫穷和解释在业贫穷与健康之间关系的中间因素的详细资料。为了在分析中同时使用所有可用数据，我们将进行统计匹配，从2011年起将SOEP和就业调查结合起来。本研究将透过回归模型、交叉滞后面板分析、调节变量和中介变量分析以及序列数据分析等方法，以清晰的理论模型为基础，对自评健康与不稳定就业之间的关系以及中介因素的关键领域提供新的见解。该项目将使我们更好地了解不稳定就业对健康的影响。它还将缩小健康与不稳定就业之间关系研究方面的差距，并支持对不稳定就业作为社会学、流行病学和公共卫生之间的一个健康决定因素的日益增长的兴趣。

The relevance of precarious employment in Germany has increased since the 1990s. For public health, precarious employment has grown to a relevant social determinant of health. Despite a few studies on the association between health and precarious employment, there still is a lack of systematic research on and understanding of relations between self-rated health and different forms of precarious employment in Germany. This research is essential in times of increasing and progressing inequalities.The aim of the project is to study the association between self-rated health and precarious employment based on a theoretical fundament as well as the intermediary factors contributing to this association from a cross-sectional and longitudinal perspective. The following research questions will be addressed: 1) What is the current association between self-rated health and precarious employment in Germany and how has this association developed through time? 2) What is the causal interaction between self-rated health and precarious employment from a longitudinal perspective?3) What is the relevance of work related (physical and psychosocial) and non-work related factors (material, psychosocial, behavioral) in the explanation of the relationship between working poverty and health?4) What is the association between presenteeism and precarious employment?5) How are different courses of precarious employment in the employment history related to self-rated health? Analyzes are based on the Socio-economic Panel (SOEP) 1994-2014 and the BIBB/BAuA employment survey 2011/12. Both data sources provide detailed information on health, working poverty and the intermediate factors explaining the association between working poverty and health. In order to use all available data simultaneously in the analyses, we will conduct statistical matching that will integrate the SOEP and the employment survey from 2011. Among other, regression modeling, cross-lagged panel analysis, moderator and mediator analyses as well as sequence data analyses will be performed to answer all research question.Based on a clearly specified theoretical model, the proposed project will provide new insights on the association between self-rated health and precarious employment and key domains of intermediary factors. The project will improve our understanding of the health implications of precarious employment. It also will close the gap in research on the association between health and precarious employment, and support the growing interest in precarious employment as a determinant of health at the interface between sociology, epidemiology and public health.