A View from the Other Side of the World: Middle Triassic Ichthyosaurs of Nevada and Their Implications for the Initial Phase of the Mesozoic Marine Revolution in the Eastern Pacific Realm

世界另一边的观点:内华达州中三叠世鱼龙及其对东太平洋地区中生代海洋革命初始阶段的影响

基本信息

项目摘要

The Early and Middle Triassic represent crucial time periods for our understanding of the organization and evolution of ecosystem because it represents the time the modern ecosystem structure was established after the most devastating extinction event in Earth history at the end of the Permian. In the marine realm, secondarily aquatic reptiles, in particular ichthyosaurs and sauropterygians, radiated quickly and are considered key elements of the so called Mesozoic Marine Revolution (MMR) during which a reorganization of marine trophic webs towards their modern structure took place. While much data has been gathered on the shallow-water environments of the Tethys realm, comparatively little is known on the open water fauna of the Pacific realm, leaving a significant gap in our knowledge of this crucial phase of vertebrate evolution. Here we seek to address this and gap in order to gain a comprehensive picture of the faunal differences between the Tethys and Pacific realms. This forms the foundation for a true understanding of the recovery and structuring of marine ecosystems after the P/T extinction events and the associated biogeographic patterns. Our work involves several approaches, field- and collections-based. We propose to systematically prospect the unexplored fossiliferous Middle Triassic Fossil Hill Member outcrops in the Augusta Mountains in Central Nevada which promise to yield further highly relevant finds of marine reptiles of the open water environment in the Pacific realm. Previous field seasons have yielded well-preserved skeletons of a medium-sized pregnant ichthyosaur as well as the anterior third of the skeleton of a giant ichthyosaur (skull length 1.95 m). This spectacular specimen differs from Thalattoarchon, the first macropredator among secondarily aquatic tetrapods, in the even larger size and particularly the piscivorous dentition. In combination with a reevaluation of mixosaurid and cymbospondylid ichthyosaurs from the Fossil Hill Member of both the classical Humboldt Range and the Augusta Mountains, anatomical description of these new specimens will provide important data for understanding morphological disparity and reproductive strategies in early ichthyosaurians. A phylogenetic analysis will provide the foundation for a detailed discussion of early ichthyosaurian evolution as well as further analyses of the biogeography and ecosystem structures. Systematic work will be followed by an analysis of trophic relationships because these play an integral role in the establishment of the ecosystem and the radiation of marine reptiles. The project will integrate closely with another project already funded by the DFG, the investigation of the ammonoid fauna and biostratigraphy of the Fossil Hill Member.
早、中三叠世代表了我们理解生态系统组织和演化的关键时期,因为它代表了在二叠纪末地球历史上最具破坏性的灭绝事件之后现代生态系统结构建立的时间。在海洋领域,其次是水生爬行动物,特别是鱼龙和蜥脚类,辐射迅速,被认为是所谓的中生代海洋革命(MMR)的关键要素,在此期间,海洋营养网向现代结构重组。虽然已经收集了很多关于特提斯领域浅水环境的数据,但对太平洋领域的开放水域动物群知之甚少,这使得我们对脊椎动物进化这一关键阶段的知识存在重大空白。在这里,我们试图解决这个问题和差距,以获得一个全面的图片之间的特提斯和太平洋地区的动物群的差异。这为真正理解P/T灭绝事件后海洋生态系统的恢复和结构以及相关的地理模式奠定了基础。我们的工作涉及几种方法,以实地和收集为基础。我们建议系统地前景未开发的中三叠世化石山成员露头奥古斯塔山脉在内华达州中部,这有望产生进一步的高度相关的发现海洋爬行动物的开放水域环境中的太平洋领域。先前的野外季节已经产生了保存完好的中型怀孕鱼龙骨架以及巨型鱼龙骨架的前三分之一(头骨长1.95米)。这个壮观的标本与Thalattoarchon不同,Thalattoarchon是第二水生四足动物中的第一个大型捕食者,在更大的尺寸,特别是食鱼的牙齿。结合重新评估的混合和cymbospondylid鱼龙从化石山成员的经典洪堡山脉和奥古斯塔山脉,这些新标本的解剖描述将提供重要的数据,了解形态差异和生殖策略,在早期鱼龙。系统发育分析将为详细讨论早期鱼龙进化以及进一步分析生物地理学和生态系统结构提供基础。系统工作之后将分析营养关系,因为这些营养关系在生态系统的建立和海洋爬行动物的辐射中发挥不可或缺的作用。该项目将与DFG资助的另一个项目密切结合,该项目是对化石山段的菊石动物群和生物地层学的调查。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(3)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Structural, functional, and physiological signals in ichthyosaur vertebral centrum microanatomy and histology
  • DOI:
    10.5252/geodiversitas2018v40a7
  • 发表时间:
    2018-04-12
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    1.8
  • 作者:
    Houssaye, Alexandra;Nakajima, Yasuhisa;Sander, P. Martin
  • 通讯作者:
    Sander, P. Martin
Early giant reveals faster evolution of large body size in ichthyosaurs than in cetaceans
  • DOI:
    10.1126/science.abf5787
  • 发表时间:
    2021-12
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    56.9
  • 作者:
    P. Sander;E. Griebeler;N. Klein;Jorge Velez Juarbe;T. Wintrich;L. Revell;L. Schmitz
  • 通讯作者:
    P. Sander;E. Griebeler;N. Klein;Jorge Velez Juarbe;T. Wintrich;L. Revell;L. Schmitz
A new cymbospondylid ichthyosaur (Ichthyosauria) from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) of the Augusta Mountains, Nevada, USA
  • DOI:
    10.1080/14772019.2020.1748132
  • 发表时间:
    2020-04-20
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    2.6
  • 作者:
    Klein, Nicole;Schmitz, Lars;Sander, P. Martin
  • 通讯作者:
    Sander, P. Martin
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Professor Dr. Martin Sander其他文献

Professor Dr. Martin Sander的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Professor Dr. Martin Sander', 18)}}的其他基金

Origin and early diversification of Plesiosauria and the influence of the end-Triassic extinction event: insights from the first unequivocal Triassic plesiosaurs
蛇颈龙类的起源和早期多样化以及三叠纪末灭绝事件的影响:来自第一批明确的三叠纪蛇颈龙的见解
  • 批准号:
    286830904
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grants
Inferring the Swimming Mode of Jurassic Plesiosaurs Using Muscle Reconstructions, Bone Histology, and Advanced Finite Element Methods
利用肌肉重建、骨组织学和先进有限元方法推断侏罗纪蛇颈龙的游泳模式
  • 批准号:
    270835314
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grants
Cortical bone remodeling and Haversian bone in amniotes: a deep-time and comparative perspective
羊膜动物的皮质骨重塑和哈弗氏骨:深入的时间和比较的视角
  • 批准号:
    271451660
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grants
Marine reptiles from Nevada: Recovery of a Middle Triassic pregnant ichthyosaur and the first unequivocally Lower Triassic ichthyosaurs from North America
内华达州的海洋爬行动物:发现中三叠世怀孕鱼龙和来自北美的第一批明确的下三叠世鱼龙
  • 批准号:
    264173172
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grants
Long bone histology of Lower Permian pelycosaurs, implications for the evolution of endothermy at the beginning of the mammal lineage
下二叠纪盘龙的长骨组织学,对哺乳动物谱系初期吸热进化的影响
  • 批准号:
    203352091
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grants
Revision of the basal sphenacodonts (Haptodontinae): systematic and evolutionary implications
基础蝶齿兽(Haptodontinae)的修订:系统和进化意义
  • 批准号:
    204358781
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grants
Histology and morphology of sauropod cervical ribs: Implications for neck posture
蜥脚类颈肋的组织学和形态:对颈部姿势的影响
  • 批准号:
    169852986
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Research Units
Anatomy and relationships of the basal sauropodomorph dinosaur Plateosaurus from the Norian of Frick, Jura Mountains, Switzerland
来自瑞士汝拉山脉弗里克诺里安的基础蜥脚类恐龙板龙的解剖结构和关系
  • 批准号:
    144753946
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grants
Fibrolamellar bone in basal Archosauromorpha: Tracing the evolution of high growth rates.
基底主龙形动物的纤维板层骨:追踪高生长率的进化。
  • 批准号:
    36841863
  • 财政年份:
    2007
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Research Units
Biology of the Sauropod Dinosaurs: The Evolution of Gigantism
蜥脚类恐龙的生物学:巨人症的进化
  • 批准号:
    37087540
  • 财政年份:
    2007
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Research Units

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腊状芽胞杆菌ATCC 14579中赖氨酰tRNA合成酶I(LysRS1)和tRNA-Other的生理功能研究
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合作研究:热带森林干旱的另一面:亚马逊流域的浅水位区域是否可以作为干旱的大型水文保护区?
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