New Religious Cultures in Late and Post-Soviet Russia: Social Networks, Ideologies, Discourses

苏联晚期和后苏联的新宗教文化：社交网络、意识形态、话语

• 批准号: 389197348
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Birgit Menzel
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Arbeitsbereich Russisch
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/389197348?language=en
• 关键词: New; Religious; Cultures; Late; Post

The term New Age refers to a number of significant beliefs, practices, and social movements since the 1970s which are characteristic for contemporary “post-secular” societies. In a narrower sense New Age refers to the eschatological-chiliastic idea of a spiritual revolution, which became widespread in American and Western European post-war counterculture. In spite of its extreme diversity, the ideas and practices of New Age Spirituality exhibit an inner logic and are also interconnected with global processes so that they can be seen and analysed as one esoteric culture.Based on this premise, the Germersheim research project shifts the present perspective of the study of Western esotericism to the East and focuses on the history and social dimensions of New Age culture in the USSR of the 1960s–1980s, as well as in post-Soviet Russia. Even though New Age culture in the late and post-Soviet countries should be analysed in the context of global social and cultural trends, it seems important to respond to the question, which factors did exactly determine the genesis and evolution of ideas and practices in the New Age of Soviet culture. At the same time, it seems important to analyse the role of culture in the context of New Age social and ideological continuity between the late and post-Soviet eras, as well as the social functions and ideas of New Age practices in modern Russia. Questions which will be answered in this project are: To what extent had the genesis and evolution of the New Age in the USSR been defined through contacts between the Western countries and states of the Eastern bloc? How does the New Age ideology connect to economic, demographic, and ecological processes of the late and post-Soviet period? To what extent did the evolution of New Age ideas and practices of late and post-Soviet culture relate to the features of scientific knowledge and technologies, as well as to the social image of science in general? The project remains interdisciplinary in its content and design. Theoretical and methodological approaches will be applied from Cultural Studies, Religious Studies, Translation Studies, and Anthropology, as well as Gender Studies, Sociology, and recent New Age research by scholars from Russia and Eastern Europe.In its fourth year, the project will provide new insights on late and post-Soviet religious culture, on transnational travels of ideas and concepts, on the relationship between Western and Russian New Age. By establishing an international network of experts, the project also contributes to the interdisciplinary cooperation in various academic fields (Slavic Cultural Studies, Religious Studies, Religious Anthropology, Contemporary History).

新时代一词指的是自1970年代以来的一些重要的信仰、实践和社会运动，这些都是当代“后世俗”社会的特征。在狭义上，新时代指的是一场精神革命的末世-千禧年思想，这种思想在美国和西欧战后的反主流文化中广泛传播。尽管它的极端多样性，新时代灵性的思想和实践表现出一种内在的逻辑，也与全球进程相互关联，因此它们可以被视为一种深奥的文化进行分析。基于这一前提，格尔梅尔桑的研究项目将目前对西方密教的研究视角转向东方，并侧重于苏联新时代文化的历史和社会层面。1960年代至1980年代，以及苏联解体后的俄罗斯。尽管应该在全球社会和文化趋势的背景下分析苏联后期和后苏联国家的新时代文化，但似乎重要的是回答这个问题，即哪些因素确实决定了苏联文化新时代思想和实践的起源和演变。与此同时，在新时代的社会和意识形态的连续性的背景下，分析文化的作用，以及社会功能和新时代的做法在现代俄罗斯的想法，似乎是很重要的。本项目将回答的问题是：苏联新时代的起源和演变在多大程度上是通过西方国家和东方集团国家之间的接触来确定的？新时代意识形态如何与苏联后期和后苏联时期的经济、人口和生态进程联系起来？在何种程度上，新时代思想的演变以及苏联后期和后苏联文化的实践与科学知识和技术的特征以及科学的一般社会形象有关？该项目在内容和设计上仍然是跨学科的。该项目将运用文化研究、宗教研究、翻译研究、人类学、性别研究、社会学以及俄罗斯和东欧学者最近的新时代研究的理论和方法。在第四年，该项目将提供关于苏联后期和后苏联宗教文化、思想和概念的跨国旅行、西方与俄罗斯新时代的关系。通过建立一个国际专家网络，该项目还有助于在各个学术领域（斯拉夫文化研究，宗教研究，宗教人类学，当代历史）的跨学科合作。