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Microbiota turnover during complete metamorphosis: cause or consequence?

完全变态过程中微生物群的更替：原因还是结果？

基本信息

批准号：
389139730
负责人：
Professor Dr. Jens Rolff
金额：
--
依托单位：
Arbeitsgruppe Rolff - Evolutionsbiologie
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2016-12-31 至 2021-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/389139730?language=en
关键词：
Microbiota turnover during complete metamorphosis

项目摘要

The insects are the most diverse group of animals, with almost 1 million species being described. The vast majority of insects undergoes complete metamorphosis, a radical re-organization of the whole body including the destruction and de novo assembly of almost all organs during development. The adaptive advantage of such life history is not clear. The complete re-organization of the body comes at a cost: the loss of the gut microbiota during complete rebuilding of the gut the possible risk of opportunistic infections. Alternatively, this re-organization constitutes a significant adaptive advantage: the radical re-organization of the body including the gut allows resetting the microbiota. This results in the ability to use different sources of food in the larval and adult stage and occupy different niches more easily. The project has three main objectives. 1) To compare the changes in the gut microbiota throughout development in holo- and hemimetabolous insects. I predict that the gut microbiota of holometabolous insects undergoes significant changes both in abundance and composition during metamorphosis while hemimetabolous insects show a linear increase. This will be investigated by sampling species from the major insect orders across the life stages.2) To test whether microbiota turnover is under the control of host gut immunity. The prediction is that genes are up-regulated throughout metamorphosis independent of the gut microbiota and that the host immune system controls the gut microbiota during metamorphosis. This will be studied using RNAseq analysis of different developmental stages in specimens of holo-and hemimetabolous insects. Highly expressed immune genes will be knocked-down to experimentally demonstrate the role of the host immune system to shape changes in the gut microbiota. Objective 3) will experimentally change the gut microbiota during ontogeny as proof of principle of the adaptive value of complete metamorphosis. In short, hemimetabolous insects will undergo a microbiota turnover similar to holometabolous insects. Hemimetabolous insects can be adapted to a new diet, by changing the gut microbiota experimentally before adult eclosion. This will be achieved by experimental manipulation of the gut microbiota in selected hemimetabolous insects using antibiotics and microbiota transplants. This research program will generate significant new insight to answer the question why complete metamorphosis of insects evolved and hence contribute to our understanding of the diversification of the most diverse group of multicellular life, the holometabolous insects.

昆虫是最多样化的一组动物，有近100万种被描述。绝大多数昆虫都经历了完全变态，这是一种整个身体的彻底重组，包括在发育过程中几乎所有器官的破坏和新生。这种生活史的适应性优势尚不清楚。身体的完全重组是有代价的：在肠道的完全重建过程中肠道微生物群的损失以及可能出现机会性感染的风险。或者，这种重组构成了一个显著的适应性优势：包括肠道在内的身体的彻底重组允许重置微生物群。这导致在幼虫期和成虫期能够使用不同的食物来源，并且更容易占据不同的生态位。该项目有三个主要目标。1)比较全代谢和半代谢昆虫在发育过程中肠道菌群的变化。我预测全代谢昆虫的肠道微生物群在变态过程中丰度和组成都发生了显著的变化，而半代谢昆虫的肠道微生物群则呈线性增加。这将通过在整个生命阶段从主要昆虫目中取样来调查。2)检测微生物群周转是否受宿主肠道免疫的控制。预测是基因在整个变态过程中被上调，独立于肠道微生物群，宿主免疫系统在变态过程中控制肠道微生物群。这将通过对全代谢和半代谢昆虫标本不同发育阶段的RNAseq分析来研究。高表达的免疫基因将被敲除，以实验证明宿主免疫系统在肠道微生物群中形成变化的作用。目的3)通过实验改变个体发育过程中的肠道菌群，证明完全变态的适应价值原理。简而言之，半代谢昆虫将经历类似于全代谢昆虫的微生物群转换。半代谢昆虫可以通过在成虫羽化前实验性地改变肠道微生物群来适应新的饮食。这将通过使用抗生素和微生物群移植对选定的半代谢昆虫的肠道微生物群进行实验性操作来实现。这个研究项目将产生重要的新见解，以回答为什么昆虫的完全变态进化的问题，从而有助于我们理解多细胞生命中最多样化的群体——全变态昆虫的多样性。