Forensic Toxicology in Germany and France during the 19th Century: Methods Development in Judicial Context

19 世纪德国和法国的法医毒理学：司法背景下的方法发展

• 批准号: 391910812
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Carsten Reinhardt
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies of Science (I²SoS)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/391910812?language=en
• 关键词: Forensic; Toxicology; Germany; France; during

During the nineteenth century, chemists and physicians established the field of forensic toxicology in the context of judicial expertise. In these discussions epistemic values, such as explanatory power, reliability, and accuracy, contributed to the decisions about the use of scientific methods. At the same time, these epistemic values connected the judiciary and scientific disciplines. The project analyzes these processes in comparing France and Germany. The German states and France differed in their scientific cultures, but showed strong resemblance in their judicial conditions. How did forensic experts in both nations succeed to develop methods that fulfilled judicial requirements? What was the impact on disciplines in laying the scientific groundwork? What similarities and differences were visible? What was the role of the performativity of experts? The project attempts to answer these questions in historical-comparative perspective.

十九世纪，化学家和医生在司法专业知识的背景下建立了法医毒理学领域。在这些讨论中，认知价值，例如解释力、可靠性和准确性，有助于做出有关使用科学方法的决策。同时，这些认知价值将司法和科学学科联系起来。该项目通过比较法国和德国来分析这些过程。德国和法国在科学文化方面存在差异，但在司法状况方面却表现出很强的相似性。两国的法医专家如何成功地开发出满足司法要求的方法？奠定科学基础对学科有何影响？有哪些明显的相似点和不同点？专家的表现力有何作用？该项目试图从历史比较的角度回答这些问题。