INVESTIGATION ON THE BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL MARKERS OF THE ACIDIFICATION OF LAND WATERS

陆地水域酸化的生物和化学标志物研究

基本信息

批准号：
05453196
负责人：
FUKUSHIMA Kazuo
金额：
$ 3.58万
依托单位：
SHINSHU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The purpose of this project was to find out certain chemical and biological indicators such that represent environmental conditions of the aquatic systems significantly affected by acidification. Particular attention was paid on organic molecules in sediments, since they might be used for molecular fossils of the microbial community which are expected to be distinctly sensitive against improverishment of the water quality. Lipid molecules and diatom frustules remaining in some lacustrine sediments were surveyed for lakes known as "inorganically acidic lakes"(pH=3-5) in Japan. They are under the influence either of acid hot springs dissolving volcanic gasses or ground waters percolating sulfide minerals contained in the igneous rocks. Some lakes have experienced conspicuous alterations of the water quality in the near-past, due to artificial or natural events such as an excavation of the waterway introducing an acidic river water to the lake or an earthquake occurred in the near-by site. lon chromatograph analyzer purchased in this project was used for description of the water quality in the watersheds and the lakes. Analyzes by use of gas chromatograph and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry demonstrated in many lake sediments an occurrence of the peculiar nature of long-chain branched hydrocarbons, alcohols and fatty acids identified as anteiso structural isomers. Coincidental occurrences or absence and similar vertical variations between these organic molecules and certain kinds of diatom frustules in accordance with the historical events, suggested that they can be promising biogeochemical indicators of the lake acidification, although their source organisms remain to be unraveled.

该项目的目的是找出某些化学和生物学指标，以代表受酸化显着影响的水生系统的环境条件。特别注意沉积物中的有机分子，因为它们可能用于微生物群落的分子化石，这些化石有望明显敏感地抵抗水质的赋予水质。在日本，对一些湖泊沉积物中剩余的脂质分子和硅藻叶片进行了调查。它们受到溶解火山气体的酸温泉的影响，或者渗透到火成岩岩石中的硫化物矿物质。由于人工或自然事件，例如在湖泊中引入酸性河水或地震的人工或自然事件，一些湖泊经历了近层次或自然事件的显着变化。在此项目中购买的LON色谱分析仪用于描述流域和湖泊中的水质。通过使用气相色谱和气相色谱 - 质量光谱法的分析表明，在许多湖泊沉积物中出现了长链分支分支的碳氢化合物，醇和脂肪酸的特殊性质，这些性质被鉴定为Anteiso结构异构体。这些有机分子与某些类型的硅藻质质量之间的同时发生或缺失以及类似的垂直变化，表明它们可以是湖泊酸化的生物地球化学指标，尽管它们的来源生物体仍然被揭露。