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INVESTIGATION ON THE BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL MARKERS OF THE ACIDIFICATION OF LAND WATERS

陆地水域酸化的生物和化学标志物研究

基本信息

批准号：
05453196
负责人：
FUKUSHIMA Kazuo
金额：
$ 3.58万
依托单位：
SHINSHU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The purpose of this project was to find out certain chemical and biological indicators such that represent environmental conditions of the aquatic systems significantly affected by acidification. Particular attention was paid on organic molecules in sediments, since they might be used for molecular fossils of the microbial community which are expected to be distinctly sensitive against improverishment of the water quality. Lipid molecules and diatom frustules remaining in some lacustrine sediments were surveyed for lakes known as "inorganically acidic lakes"(pH=3-5) in Japan. They are under the influence either of acid hot springs dissolving volcanic gasses or ground waters percolating sulfide minerals contained in the igneous rocks. Some lakes have experienced conspicuous alterations of the water quality in the near-past, due to artificial or natural events such as an excavation of the waterway introducing an acidic river water to the lake or an earthquake occurred in the near-by site. lon chromatograph analyzer purchased in this project was used for description of the water quality in the watersheds and the lakes. Analyzes by use of gas chromatograph and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry demonstrated in many lake sediments an occurrence of the peculiar nature of long-chain branched hydrocarbons, alcohols and fatty acids identified as anteiso structural isomers. Coincidental occurrences or absence and similar vertical variations between these organic molecules and certain kinds of diatom frustules in accordance with the historical events, suggested that they can be promising biogeochemical indicators of the lake acidification, although their source organisms remain to be unraveled.

该项目的目的是找出某些化学和生物指标，以代表受酸化严重影响的水生系统的环境条件。特别注意的是沉积物中的有机分子，因为它们可能被用于微生物群落的分子化石，预计对水质的改善明显敏感。对日本被称为“无机酸性湖”（pH=3-5）的一些湖泊沉积物中残留的脂质分子和硅藻细胞壳进行了调查。它们受到酸性温泉溶解火山气体或地下沃茨溶解火成岩中所含硫化物矿物的影响。一些湖泊在不久的过去经历了明显的水质变化，这是由于人为或自然事件，如挖掘水道将酸性河水引入湖泊或附近发生地震。本项目购置的离子色谱分析仪用于描述流域和湖泊的水质。利用气相色谱和气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析表明，在许多湖泊沉积物中存在着长链支链烃、醇和脂肪酸的特殊性质，它们被鉴定为反异构体。这些有机分子与某些硅藻壳之间的偶然出现或不存在以及类似的垂直变化与历史事件一致，表明它们可能是湖泊酸化的有希望的生物地球化学指标，尽管它们的源生物仍有待解开。