MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE METHANE PRODUCTION IN MARINE

海洋甲烷产生的微生物学研究

• 批准号: 05454091
• 负责人: OHWADA Kouichi
• 金额: $ 3.14万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1993 至 1994
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05454091/
• 关键词: methane; methanogenic bacteria; marine; zooplankton; intestine; fecal pellet; sediment; ether linked lipids; オキアミ; fecal pellet; 膜脂質; 硫酸還元細菌; 拮抗

Membrane lipids of methanogenic bacteria are composed of special ether-linked glycerelipids, different from most of bacteria. So it is possible to estimate biomass of marine methanogenic bacteria and their activity by determining the lipid components in marine sediments. In the coastal eutrophicated sediments, such as Tokyo Bay, Aburatsubo Inlet and inner most part of Suruga Bay, methane concentrations were observed 0.12-93 nmol/g in the interstitial water samples, and lipid concentrations were 17-152 ng/g. These values were closely related in each sediment. Incubation experiments with these sediment samples showed that there are several groups of methanogenic bacteria in the sediments, such as utilizers of acetate, hydrogen+carbon dixide gasses, and methanol. Their activities were much higher than the mrethanogens obtained from off shore sediments. In the sediments of off shore waters like Sagami and Suruga Bays, methane concentrations were 0.32-0.65 nmol/g in the interstitial waters, and lipid concentrations were 4.6-21 ng/g. It was observed in the incubation experiments that methanol utilizers were much lower compared with eutrophicated sediments. Methanogenic activities of the intestinal micro flora of common zooplankton like copepods and euphausia were studies. Methanogenic activities were observed to be 1.8 micro mole per fecal pellets of 30 specimens of euphausia. In another experiment 615micro mols/g of methane were produced during 60 days of incubation. The microflora were observed to be methanol utilizers.

产甲烷菌的膜脂与大多数细菌不同，是由特殊的醚连接甘油脂组成的。因此，通过测定海洋沉积物中的脂质组分，可以估计海洋产甲烷细菌的生物量及其活性。东京湾、Aburatsubo湾和鹤河湾内大部分海域富营养化沉积物间质水体中甲烷浓度为0.12 ~ 93 nmol/g，脂质浓度为17 ~ 152 ng/g。这些值在每种沉积物中密切相关。这些沉积物样品的培养实验表明，沉积物中存在几类产甲烷细菌，如醋酸盐、氢+二氧化碳气体和甲醇的利用者。它们的活性远高于从近海沉积物中获得的产甲烷菌。相模湾、骏河湾等近海海域沉积物间质区甲烷浓度为0.32 ~ 0.65 nmol/g，脂质浓度为4.6 ~ 21 ng/g。在培养实验中观察到，与富营养化沉积物相比，甲醇利用率要低得多。研究了桡足类和黄鳝等常见浮游动物肠道菌群的产甲烷活性。30只白蛉粪便中每粒产甲烷活性为1.8微摩尔。在另一项实验中，在60天的孵育过程中产生了615微摩尔/克甲烷。微生物群是甲醇的利用者。